7.4.2 Nitration of Benzene Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 steps of electrophilic substitution in arenes
A
- Generation of electrophile
- Electrophile attack
- Regenerating aromaticity
2
Q
What is the nitration of benzene?
A
Electrophilic substitution reaction of nitro (-NO2) group for a hydrogen atom in a benzene ring.
3
Q
How is the electrophile generated?
A
NO2+ ion generated by reacting concentrated nitric acid HNO3 and concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4
4
Q
What are the reaction conditions
A
- 25-60 degrees
- HNO3 and H2SO4
- Refluxed with arene
5
Q
All 3 steps of the electrophilic substitution
A
6
Q
What happens in addition reactions of arenes?
A
- Aromacity is lost
- Eg in hydrogenation of arenes loses the aromatic stabilisation (delocalisation of electrons) and this cyclohexane is formed, which is energetically less stable than benzene
7
Q
Why is nitration of arenes useful?
A
Formation of amines or explosives
