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Rosen's vascular > 74. Hypertension > Flashcards

74. Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Define stages of HTN

A
  1. 140/90

2. 160/100

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2
Q

3 distinct groups of HTN in ED

A
  1. Hypertensive emergency
  2. Poorly controlled HTN
  3. Elevated BP without previous HTN
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3
Q

Define hypertensive emergency

A

acute TOD

with or without chronic HTN

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4
Q

5 main categories of secondary HTN

A
  1. endocrine
  2. pulmonary
  3. renal
  4. toxic/metabolic
  5. Vascular
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5
Q

5 causes of endocrine HTN

A
  1. cushings
  2. hyperaldosteronism
  3. OCP use
  4. Pheochromocytoma
  5. Thyroid disease
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6
Q

1 pulmonary cause of HTN

A

OSA

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7
Q

5 renal causes of renal HTN

A
  1. Chronic pyelo
  2. Diabetic nephropathy
  3. Nephritic or nephrotic syndrome
  4. Polycystic kidney
  5. Renovascular conditions
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8
Q

3 Toxic causes

A
  1. Chronic EtOH
  2. Sympathomimetics
  3. Tyramine foods
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9
Q

2 vascular causes

A
  1. Coarctation

2. atherosclerosis

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10
Q

5 major organs of TOD

A
  1. Heart
    - ACS
    - CHF
  2. Brain
    - CVA
    - HTN encephalopathy
    - PRES
  3. Kidney
    - AKI
  4. Vascular
    - dissection
  5. Other
    - eclampsia
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11
Q

Indications for BP lowering

A

TOD

encephalopathy

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12
Q

7 classes of antiHTN meds

A
  1. adrenergics
  2. CCBs
    - dihyrdo and nondihydro
  3. ACEi
  4. Loop diuretics
  5. D1 agonists
  6. NO donors
  7. directvasodilators
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13
Q

How to reduce

A

25% max

IV preferred

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14
Q

Main meds for ACS and CHF

A 
NO donors
- nitro
ACE
- enalaprit
Avoid BB
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15
Q

Main meds for dissection

A

SBP <100
BB
- esmolol or labetolol

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16
Q

Main meds for stroke

A

BP 120-200 range

labetolol or nicardepine

17
Q

Main meds for ICH

A

goal SBP 140

- labetolol or nicardepine

18
Q

Main meds for encephalopathy

A

may need to decrease MAP 30-40%
Lab or nicardepine
avoid NO donors
- vasodilate cerbral system

19
Q

Main meds for AKI

A

avoid ACEs
peripheral CCB
- nicardepine

20
Q

Main meds for pre-eclampsia

A

delivery
MgSO4
hydralazine and lab

21
Q

Main meds for sympathomimetic

A

benzos

avoid BB

22
Q

Main meds for chronic HTN

A

start with thiazide for most

Rosen's vascular (5 decks)

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