7.4

Question 1

Which describe the effects on a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 1

Animal cells in a hypertonic solution will shrivel

The net movement of water is out of the cell.

Question 2

True or false: Facilitated diffusion requires no additional input of energy because the particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When a cell is placed in a(n) ____ solution, the concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside.

Answer 3

hypertonic

Question 4

When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes—ions, sugars, proteins, and other substances—as its cytoplasm, the cell is said to be in what type of solution?

Answer 4

isotonic

Question 5

The movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient that requires energy is called ____ ____.

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

If a cell is in a solution that has a lower concentration of solute, the cell is said to be in a _____ solution.

Answer 6

hypotonic

Question 7

Describe how plant and animal cells differ in their reaction to a hypotonic solution.

Answer 7

Animal cells will burst in a hypotonic solution. Plant cells will swell, but because of the cell wall surrounding them, they will not burst in a hypotonic solution.

Question 8

Which type of transport across the plasma membrane involves the use of carrier proteins?

Answer 8

Pumps

Question 9

The __________side of the U-shaped tube shown in the illustration had a lower concentration of sugar than the _________side before osmosis occurred.

Answer 9

Left

Right

Question 10

Select the statements about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump that are true.

Answer 10

The pump maintains the level of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell.

The pump uses the energy to transport three sodium ions out of the cell while moving two potassium ions into the cell.

Question 11

When water moves into and out of a cell at the same rate, and a cell retains is normal shape, the cell is most likely in a(n) ____ solution.

Answer 11

isotonic

Question 12

In which type of solution is a cell when concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside?

Answer 12

hypertonic

Question 13

____ is the process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane.

Answer 13

endocytosis

Question 14

Pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis are all forms of ____ transport, meaning that they require an input of energy.

Answer 14

active

Question 15

How do active and passive transport help a cell respond to changes in the environment?

Answer 15

by moving materials across the cell membrane

Question 16

Select statements about exocytosis that are true.

Answer 16

Exocytosis requires the input of energy.

Cells use exocytosis to expel wastes and to secrete substances, such as hormones, produced by the cell.

Question 17

Together, the different types of transport allow a cell to interact with its environment while maintaining ____.

Answer 17

homeostasis

Question 18

Which describes the two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail that make up the plasma membrane of a cell?

Answer 18

phospholipid bilayer

Question 19

Select the functions of proteins in the plasma membrane.

Answer 19

Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane anchor the plasma membrane to the cell’s internal support structure, giving the cell its shape.

Proteins span the entire membrane and create tunnels through which certain substances enter and leave the cell.

When found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, proteins called receptors transmit signals to the inside of the cell.

Question 20

Which type of proteins move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

transport proteins

Question 21

The ___ ___ ___ is the model used to describe a plasma membrane in which molecules can float.

Answer 21

fluid mosaic model

Question 22

The plasma membrane is composed of a ____ ____, in which two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail-to-tail.

Answer 22

Phospholipid layer

Question 23

Carbohydrates attached to proteins, also known as ____, stick out from the plasma membrane to define the cell’s characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals.

Answer 23

glycoproteins

Question 24

Which is the model that describes the phospholipids in the bilayer as a “sea” in which other molecules can float?

Answer 24

fluid mosaic model

Question 25

A ____ is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Answer 25

cell

Question 26

Select the principles of cell theory.

Answer 26

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.

Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells.

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Question 27

Underneath the mechanical stage of your microscope, there is either a little metal lever or a thumbwheel that moves right or left. What is this mechanical feature and what does it do?

Answer 27

Iris diaphragm adjustment that regulates the amount of light.

Question 28

What is the magnification of the ocular lens in the microscope you used in lab?

Answer 28

10x

Question 29

For the image below, match the letter indicating a feature with the term that best describes that feature.
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Answer 29

A, Ocular lens
F. Iris diaphragm adjustment
G. X-Y stage adjustment knobs
H. Coarse focus adjustment knob
I. Fine focus adjustment knob

Other incorrect match options:

• Scanning power objective lens
• High power objective lens
• Low power objective lens