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Question 1

what is the quadrangular space?

Answer 1

serves as a pathway for axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

boundaries:
superior: teres minor
inferior teres major
medial: long head lateral triceps
lateral: humeral surgical neck

Question 2

what is the triangular space?

Answer 2

pathway for the circumflex scapular artery

boundaries:
superior: teres minor
inferior:teres major
lateral: long head of triceps

Question 3

what is the triangular interval?

Answer 3

pathway for the profunda brachii and radial nerve

boundaries:
lateral: shaft of humerus
medial:lateral head of triceps

Question 4

in the shoulder region, the brachial fascia divides what?

Answer 4

arm into anterior flexor and posterior extensor.

Question 5

the forearm, the interosseous membrane is in between what and divides what?

Answer 5

the radial and ulnar and divides anterior flexors and forearm pronators and posterior extensors supinators

Question 6

what is the cubital fossa?

Answer 6

the triangular space at the anterior elbow

superior: imaginary line between the two epicondyles
medial: lateral border of pronator teres
lateral: medial border of brachioradialis

Question 7

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 7

BBBMM
Brachial vein and artery
Biceps tendon
Bicipital Aponeurosis
Median nerve
Median cubital vein - cephalic and basilic

Question 8

what is the humeralulnar joint?

Answer 8

distal trochlea of humerus (convex) and the proximal notch fossa of ulna (concave)

uniaxial synovial joint sagittal with flexion and extension

Question 9

what is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 9

distal capitulum of humerus (convex) and head of the proximal radius (concave)

uniaxial synovial joint flexion and extension in sagittal plane

Question 10

what is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 10

uniaxial synovial pivot joint of the convex radial head of radius and the radial notch of ulna concave

allows supination and pronation of head of radius on ulna

Question 11

what are the joints of the elbow?

Answer 11

lateral collateral ligament (varus)
medial collateral ligament (valgus)
annular ligament: holds the head of the radius against the humerus

Question 12

what is the distal radioulnar ligament?

Answer 12

articulation between ulnar notch of radius convex and distal head of ulna concave

head of radius rotates around ulna during pronation and supination

Question 13

what are the flexors?

Answer 13

Biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis

Question 14

what are the extensors?

Answer 14

triceps
anconeus

Question 15

what are the pronators?

Answer 15

pronator teres
pronator quadratus

to pull radius over ulna from supination/neutral to supination

Question 16

what are the supinators?

Answer 16

supinator muscle

to pull radius over ulna from pronation to supination

Question 17

what is carpal tunnel?

Answer 17

narrow space on palmar side that contains several extrinsic hand muscles and the median nerve

Question 18

what is the extensor compartment?

Answer 18

On the dorsum of the hand/wrist, the divisions of the extensor muscle tendons that run into the hand.

Question 19

what is the extensor expansion?

Answer 19

the complex set of connective tissues that form the distal attachment of several finger extensor muscles.

Question 20

what is the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 20

distal radio/ulnar concave with proximal carpal bones convex caphoid/lunate/triquetrum

Biaxial synovial joint allowing
o Flexion and extension in the sagittal plane
o Radial and ulnar deviation in the frontal plane

Question 21

what are the distal radiocarpal joints?
posterior is dorsal

Answer 21

Dorsal radiocarpal: between distal radius and dorsal surface of lunate and
triquetrum.

Question 22

what is the palmar distal radiocarpal joint? palmar is anterior

Answer 22

Palmar radiocarpal: between distal radius and scaphoid and lunate.

Question 23

what is the radial/lateral ligament?

Answer 23

From radial styloid process to scaphoid

Question 24

what is the medial collateral ligament?

Answer 24

From ulnar styloid process to triquetrum

Question 25

what is the articular disc complex on ulnar side of wrist?

Answer 25

• Articulates with the lunate and triquetrum and more with one or the other, depending
  on the position of the wrist (radial or ulnar deviation)
• Cushions the ulnar side of the wrist
• Stabilizes the ulnar carpals and distal radioulnar (RU) joint o Separates the distal RU joint from the radiocarpal (RC) joint

Question 26

what is the wrist capsule?

Answer 26

• distal ends of radius and ulna to proximal row of carpal bones
• Note reinforcement dorsally by extensor compartments
• Thicker volarly (volar refers to the palm of the hand)

Question 27

what are midcarpal (intercarpal) joints?

Answer 27

At the lateral portion of the joint, the scaphoid articulates with the trapezium and trapezoid
- Centrally, the scaphoid and lunate articulate with the capitate
- Supported by anterior, posterior, and interosseous ligaments
- Function as a single unit
- Small gliding movements between carpal bones. No rotational Dfs.