7.3 Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers (Triple) Flashcards
What is a polymer?
A large molecule formed from many smaller identical molecules joined together called monomers.
What are the monomers in addition polymerisation?
Alkenes
What is the difference between monomers and polymers?
Monomers have double carbon-carbon bonds whilst polymers have single carbon-carbon bonds.
How do you write a polymer’s name?
‘Poly’ with the monomer after it (e.g. Poly(ethene)).
What is the relationship between the number of atoms in a monomer and the repeating unit?
The repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer since no other molecule is formed.
How and what are the three ways to showcase addition polymerisation? (3)
- Repeating unit = monomer in brackets w/ n
- Monomer = single unit of polymer
- Polymer = single unit joined together repeatedly
What happens in addition polymerisation?
Very small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers).
What are the monomers in condensation polymerisation? (2)
Involved monomers with two functional groups:
- Diol
- Dioic acid
What happens in condensation polymerisation (what are condensation reactions)?
The two monomers react to join together, usually losing small molecules such as water. [and so the reactions are called condensation reactions]
What is produced during condensation polymerisation?
An ester, alcohol and water
What does condensation polymerisation allow?
The production of long polymers, called polyesters
How do you draw a repeating unit for condensation polymerisation? (3)
1) Pick any two adjacent monomer units
2) Draw them out
3) Draw the brackets and ‘n’ like in addition polymerisation (line through brackets)
What is structure of glycine?
H2NCH2COOH
How many functional groups do all amino acid molecules have? What are they?
Two;
- Amine group: NH2
- Carboxylic acid group: COOH
How do amino acids react? Why?
Through condensation polymerisation because they have two different functional groups.
What is a polypeptide?
A polymer made from only one type of amino acid.
What does glycine (H2NCH2COOH) produce?
Polypeptides ( (HNCH2CO)n and nH2O)
How are proteins formed?
Through the combination of different amino acids into the same chain.
What are the naturally occurring polymers?
- Protein
- DNA
What is DNA?
A large molecule that is essential for life [and found in all animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and most viruses].
What does DNA do?
Encodes the genetic instructions that living organisms and viruses need to develop and function.
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix made of two polymer chains, which are made from four different monomers called nucleotides.
What are the nucleotide monomers called?
A, T, G, C
What makes proteins, starch and cellulose?
- Proteins: polymers of amino acids
- Starch and cellulose: polymers of glucose
What is the difference between starch and cellulose structure?
The glucose molecules are arranged in different ways.