7.3 Structure If Stems, roots And Leaves And The Distribution Of Xylem And Phloem

Question 1

What are the main organs involved in the transport of plants?

Answer 1

Stems roots and leaves

Question 2

How is the structure of stems roots and leaves studied?

Answer 2

Using prepared slides of photomicrographs transverse sections (TS) of these organs

Question 3

What is a useful way of understanding the structure of the organs and the distribution of xylem and phloem ?

Answer 3

Drawing low power plants and high power detail of representative groups of cells as seen with the microscope

Question 4

Flowering plants can be classified as

Answer 4

Monocotyledons or dicotyledons

Question 5

What is the difference between the leaves of monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants

Answer 5

Monocotyledonous plants typically have long narrow leaves while dicotyledonous plants have leaves with wide blades and narrow stalks (petioles)

Question 6

What is the difference in monocotyledons and dicotyledons related to transport systems

Answer 6

The mechanism of transport through both types of plants as the same, but there are differences in the distribution of xylem and phloem in their roots

Question 7

What is a dicotyledon?

Answer 7

The seeds of dicotyledonous plants contain an embryo with two cotyledons(seed leaves) in their seeds and the adult plant typically has leaves with a blade(laminated) and a stalk(petiole)

Question 8

What does phloem look like through a microscope?

Answer 8

Phloem is usually stained green and has small cells

Question 9

What does xylene look like through a microscope?

Answer 9

Xylem is usually stained red and usually contains a few large vessels

Question 10

In stems and leaves the xylem and phloem are found in structures called

Answer 10

Vascular bundles which also contain other types of cell

Question 11

In roots, the xylem and phloem are found at

Answer 11

The centre of the root

Question 12

The epidermis is________ thick and covers

Answer 12

One cell, the outside of the plant

Question 13

Most of the cells outside the vascular tissue are

Answer 13

Parenchyma cells

Question 14

What are parenchyma cells?

Answer 14

A basic plant tissue typically used as packing tissue between more specialised structures; it is metabolically active

Question 15

What functions are there for parenchyma cells?

Answer 15

It may have a variety of functions such as food storage and support ; also play an important role in the movement of water and food products in xylem and phloem

Question 16

Parenchyma have_______ cell walls and ______ in size

Answer 16

Thin, vary

Question 17

You may see _________ in some of parenchyma cells

Answer 17

Nuclear

Question 18

The outer region of stem and roots is called

Answer 18

Cortex

Question 19

What is cortex mainly made of?

Answer 19

Parenchyma
Secondarily collenchyma tissue

Question 20

No what is epidermis?

Answer 20

The outer layer of cell covering the body of a plant or animal

Question 21

No what is epidermis?

Answer 21

The outer layer of cell covering the body of a plant or animal

Question 22

Why might the epidermis be covered with cuticle?

Answer 22

To provide additional protection against loss of water and disease

Question 23

What is collenchyma?

Answer 23

A modified form of parenchyma in which the corner of the cell have cellulose thickening providing extra support

Question 24

In three dimension, the collenchyma occurs in

Answer 24

Strands(as in celery petioles)

Question 25

Where is collenchyma found?

Answer 25

The midrib of leaves
Around the outside of the stems just below the epidermis

Question 26

What is endodermis?

Answer 26

The layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue of plants

Question 27

What is endodermis?

Answer 27

The layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue of plants

Question 28

The endodermis is ______ thick

Answer 28

One cell

Question 29

The endodermis is most clearly visible in

Answer 29

Roots

Question 30

Vascular bundles in stems have a cap of fibres called_______ for extra strength

Answer 30

Sclerenchyms

Question 31

What is sclerenchyma?

Answer 31

A plant tissue consisting of thick walled cells with a purely mechanical function(strength and support)

Question 32

Give more information about schlerenchyms

Answer 32

The cell walls have usually become impregnated with lignin and the mature cells are dead with no visible contents; many sclerenchyma cells take the form of fibre

Question 33

Give more information about schlerenchyms

Answer 33

The cell walls have usually become impregnated with lignin and the mature cells are dead with no visible contents; many sclerenchyma cells take the form of fibre

Question 34

Why are sclerenchyma usually stained red like xylem?

Answer 34

Because their cell walls contain lignin

Question 35

What is lignin?

Answer 35

A hard material made by plants and used to strengthen the cell walls of certain types of cell particularly xylem vessel elements and sclerenchyma cells; it is the main material in wood