7.3 Arteriosclerosis

Question 1

What are the 3 types of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 1

Three types of “Hardening of the arteries”
Atherosclerosis
Arteriolosclerosis
Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis

Question 2

What are the modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

HTN
HLD
Smoking
DM

Question 3

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

Age
Gender (males and postmenopausal females)
Genes

Question 4

What are the two types of arteriolosclerosis? What is the pathophysiology of each?

Answer 4

Hyalin: result of benign HTN and/or DM. Over time proteins leak into the vessel wall either due to the pressure or from glycosylation and cause thickening and luminal narrowing classically leading to renal failure.

Hyperplastic: result of malignant HTN where high pressures lead to smooth muscle hyperplasia response to contain the pressure. Has onion-skin appearance on histology. Leads to fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall with hemorrhage. Causes acute renal failure.

Question 5

What is Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis?

Answer 5

Calcification of the media of muscular arteries. Non-obstructive and clinically insignificant.