Development Dynamics

Question 1

development

Answer 1

a process of change that affects people’s lives, it can involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change

Question 2

development indicators

Answer 2

GDP per capita, HDI, GDP, life expectancy, healthcare, lots more

Question 3

dependency ratio

Answer 3

proportion of people below and above the normal working age (15 - 64)

Question 4

reasons for different largest age groups in UK and Malawi

Answer 4

higher death rate in Malawi
better healthcare in UK
lower birth rate in UK

Question 5

HIC

Answer 5

high income country - mostly in northern hemisphere

Question 6

LIC

Answer 6

low income country - mostly in southern hemisphere

Question 7

MIC

Answer 7

middle income country - like Brazil that have large reserves of raw materials which encouraged growth in the 1980s

Question 8

NIC

Answer 8

newly industrialising country - growth often due to relocation of manufacturing overseas, economy doubled between 1988 and 1996

Question 9

Brandt Line

Answer 9

made in the 1980s
above the line are mostly developed countries
hasn’t moved, even though it probably should

Question 10

Rostow’s theory of development

Answer 10

1. traditional society - subsistance farming, little trade, heavily religious
2. preconditions for take off - banks set up, more trade, infrastructure + water/sewer systems
3. take off - textile industry develops, people are more individual + materialistic
4. drive to maturity - creates expensive products, companies go global, skilled workers.
5. age of mass consumption - luxury becomes necessity, high profits, large service sector.

Question 11

Frank’s dependency theory

Answer 11

core -15% world pop, 75% world GDP, turns raw materials into high-value products.
periphery - 85% world pop, 25% world GDP, sells raw materials to core countries and buys their goods.
Static placement

Question 12

neo-colonoalism

Answer 12

a county that’s gained its independence but its previous overlord still holds power

Question 13

top-down development

Answer 13

schemes funded by large companies or decisions made by the government, locals have no say

Question 14

bottom-up development

Answer 14

locals involved with decision making, charities involved

Question 15

emerging country

Answer 15

high to medium HDI and recent economic growth

Question 16

FDI (foreign direct investment)

Answer 16

money/investment from overseas companies

Question 17

outsourcing

Answer 17

when a company moves services overseas

Question 18

remittance

Answer 18

sending money back home to family

Question 19

globalisation

Answer 19

the ways countries have become more connected to each other, this could have something to do with technology

Question 20

Wateraid in Zambia

Answer 20

20 new pumps helping 5000
10 rehabilitated pumps helping 2500
20 double latrines for 700 boys + girls
small scale development
locals are trained to maintain pumps
creates a dependency on rich nations

Question 21

Three Gorges Dam

Answer 21

220 million protected from floods
cost $30 billion 
provides water + electricity
took 9 years to build (1994 - 2003)
saves financial damage from flooding
increased erosion downstream
wildlife disrupted

Question 22

India

Answer 22

1.3 billion pop
diverse landscape/wildlife
huge difference in wealth
Dharavi slums - biggest in the world
average age is 27

Question 23

changes in India

Answer 23

GDP $7.3 trillion
per capita $5800
importing a lot more
exporting a lot more
unemployment now 8.6%, was 20% in 1991
lots of outsourcing comes here - call centres

Question 24

Indian call centres

Answer 24

worth over $17 billion
come for low taxes + labour costs
30 - 40 % growth every year
Indians need to change their accent and only speak English
employees get $40 per week