7.2 climate change - causes and impacts Flashcards

1
Q

climate

A
  • average weather over the long term at a regional level
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2
Q

weather

A
  • conditions over a short time scale at a local level
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3
Q

factors impacting climate
solar radiation

A
  • reduction in radiation, colder
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4
Q

factors impacting climate
tilting and orbit of earth

A

hemisphere tilted towards the sun
- absorbs more sunlight, summer
- opposite hemisphere tilted away, winter

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5
Q

factors impacting climate
atmospheric and ocean circulation systems

A
  • more radiation reaches equator than polar regions
  • energy from equator transferred towards the poles
  • tricellular model, polar, ferrel, hadley
  • el nino
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6
Q

factors impacting climate
GHGs

A

greenhouse effect
- rise in concentration in GHGs in the atmosphere
- more energy absorbed, raising global temperatures

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7
Q

factors impacting climate
volcanic activity

A
  • short term impact on climate
  • reflects solar radiation back into space, causes global cooling
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8
Q

positive feedback loops

A

water vapour
- temperature rises, more water evaporates
- water is a GHG causing hotter temperatures, more water to evaporate

ice albedo
- ice high albedo
- ice melts, reducing amount of solar radiation reflecting
- increases absorption of sunlight, warming, more ice melting

permafrost
- increase temperatures melt permafrost
- methane trapped in permafrost released, GHG
- methane increases temperatures

cloud cover
- high clouds, blanket retaining radiated heat from earthโ€™s surface, increasing temperature

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9
Q

negative feedback loops

A

plant photosynthesis
- temperatures increase, more photosynthesis, more carbon dioxide absorbed, decrease temperature

cloud cover
- low clouds reflect solar radiation

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10
Q

increase in temperature precipitation

A
  • increase in high latitudes and wet regions, flooding
  • decrease in mid latitudes and dry regions, heat waves
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11
Q

increase in temperature sea level rise

A
  • thermal expansion of oceans
  • melting snow and ice
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12
Q

availability of water impacted by

A
  • arid, reduce available water resources, evaporation, drought
  • reduction in snow water storage, river flow
  • saline intrusion of groundwater for coastal areas
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13
Q

higher water temperature
fishieries

A
  • death of species, loss of biodiversity
  • migration of fish towards poles
  • change in spawning period
  • coral bleaching, loss of habitat
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14
Q

ocean acidification

A
  • dissolved oxygen reacts with water
  • forms carbonic acid, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
  • increases water acidity, reproduction, growth, photosynthesis
  • reduces available carbonate required by animals to form skeletons/shells
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