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Chapter 7 Part A and B > 7.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions (PART A) > Flashcards

7.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions (PART A) Flashcards

1
Q

What are precipitation reactions?

A

Dissolved substances react to form one (or more) solid products.

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2
Q

What is a double replacement reactions (metathesis)?

A

Occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds. Anions change partners.

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3
Q

What should you be careful of when predicting products?

A

Make sure to make neutral ionic compounds.

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4
Q

What do you do after successfully predicting your products?

A

You can balance the reaction equation.

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5
Q

What is important when it comes to precipitation (solid product)?

A

To know which product will be soluble in the solvent and which one will precipitate.

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6
Q

What determines a solubility of a compound?

A

In chemistry there is solubility rules to help determine compounds are soluble. (This will be provided on the exam).

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7
Q

What symbol is used to represent solubility?

A

Aqueous (aq)

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8
Q

What symbol is used that represent insolubility?

A

Solid (s)

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9
Q

What is an acid base reaction?

A

Hydrogen ion (H+), is transferred from one chemical species to another.

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10
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydronium ions (H3O+)

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11
Q

Properties of strong acids?

A
  1. Completely dissolved.
  2. Use —> to indicate the totality of the reaction.
  3. Only products remain after reaction is finished.
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12
Q

Properties of weak acids?

A
  1. Partially dissolve.
  2. Use a top arrow going right with bottom arrow going left to indicate partiality of the reaction.
  3. Reactants and products are all part of final reaction mixture.
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13
Q

Weak acid examples

A

Citric acid, and acetic acid.

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14
Q

What is a base substance?

A

A substance that will dissolve in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH-).

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15
Q

What are the properties of strong bases?

A
  1. Completely dissolve.
  2. Use —> to indicate the totality of the reaction.
  3. Only products remain reaction is finished.
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16
Q

What are the properties of weak bases?

A
  1. Partially dissolve.
  2. Use a top arrow going right with bottom arrow going left to indicate partiality of the reaction.
  3. Reactants AND products are all part of final reaction mixture.
17
Q

What is considered a strong base?

A

Any hydroxide base is considered a strong base.

18
Q

Weak base example

A

Ammonia (NH3)

19
Q

What is neutralization reactions?

A

An acid and a base react together to produce water and a salt (ionic compound).

acid + base —> water + salt

20
Q

How does neutralization reaction create water?

A

The hydrogen (H) from the acid and the hydroxide (OH) from the base come together to make water.

21
Q

How does the neutralization reaction create salt then?

A

The anion from the acid and the cation from the base come together to make the salt.

Remember: ionic compounds come together from nonmetal and metal. Where metal is typically the cation and anion is typically the non-metal.

22
Q

What is an oxidation-reduction?

A

Redox for short, it is a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another.

23
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electrons.

24
Q

What is reduction?

A

The gain of electrons.

25
Q

What does oxidation-reduction explain about?

A

How electrons are transferred throughout the reaction.

Remember:
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
Reduction is the gain of electrons.

26
Q

Redox reactions aren’t just in ionic compounds but can…

A

Exist in covalent compounds too, when electrons are shared.

27
Q

What is oxidation number?

A

The charge an element in a compound would possess if the compound was ionic. (this is for covalent compounds).

28
Q

Oxidation numbers in equations

A

We can track oxidation numbers for elements in an equation to determine what is oxidized and reduced.

29
Q

Oxidation =

A

increase in oxidation number

30
Q

Reduction =

A

Decrease in oxidation number

31
Q

What happens in a displacement redox reactions?

A

An atom or an ion in a compound is replaced by an atom of another element.

32
Q

What is a combination in a reaction?

A

A reaction having 2 or more reactants combining to make one product. They could involve oxidation and reduction.

33
Q

What is a decomposition redox reactions?

A

Reactions involve in one reactant decomposing to make 2 or more products. They could also be a redox reaction.

34
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

Combustion is also a redox process. It involves the addition of oxygen and heat to a hydrocarbon to produce carbon dioxide and water.

35
Q

What is a half reaction?

A

Oxidation of half-reaction + reduction of half-reaction

36
Q

What does redox reactions must have in the process?

A

Must have both mass balance and charge balance.

Chapter 7 Part A and B (5 decks)

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