7.2 Flashcards
Insolation
Depends on latitude Specific characteristics of spheres Scattered by collisions Earth soul be cooler around -20 degrees Water main contributed to natural greenhouse effect
Scattered insolation
Some returns to space
Some absorbed by the atmosphere
Some makes it to earths surface
Main contributed to greenhouse effect
Water vapour much in atmosphere
Net radiation budget
342 per year
31% immediately reflected back into space by clouds atmosphere and land shffCd
30% absorbed by tnsobere
Lost
Cloud tops
Cider regions
Atmosphere emits it up and down
Almost all is absorbed by sphere and emotes as infrared radiation
Less than one percent into chemical energy by photosynthesis
Latent heat
Albedo
Water 10%
Snow 90%
World 30%
Varies with seasons
Radiation
Radiant energy encounters particle, reflected or absorbed
Absorbed particles more movement
Areas of higher temp emit unrated radiation
Convection
Usually in fluids substances with no definite shape
Density less dense rise to top cools and downward
Water has higher heat capacity
Regions next to water more moderate weather
Atmosphere thermal energy
High temp near equator less dense air rises near pools cools nd falls
If earth nit soinning there would be continuous convection current between pole and equatorial region
Coriolanus effect
Difference in net radiation budget causes air to move directly north and south
Winds deflected right or left
Right north
Left south
Global wind patterns
Transfer energy from surplus to deficit regions
Caused by unequal heating in earths atmosphere
Trade winds
Coriolanus effect makes them to west
Higher attitude winds flow to poles due to warm rising air currents near Equator
Westerly winds
South and north
30 degrees north and south
Some warm air cooled enough to sink and move west toward equator
Rest of warm air moves towards poles and is moved west causes cold air to rush in and move eastwestetliers move easy
Polar easterlies
Near poles
Sinking cold air that are pushes western
Doldrums
Region of very low winds in a band about the equator
Center best nirtheast trade winds
Jet streams
Very high altitude
Not subject to friction faster than winds close to earth
Surface and density if troposphere slows global winds
Earth HD sevt 2-3 in north and south hemisphere
Convection currents form them
Speed location vary with amount of thermal energy
Cooler months faster and closer to equator
Jet stream effects
Changes affect formation if qualms storms cyclones
Ones in poles can affect movement of air in lower levels of atmosphere
Very important to predicting weather changes
Hydrological cycle
Steps
Snow melts solod to liquid
Runs to oceans transpiration from plants
Precipitation returns
Evaporates liquid to vapour
Hydro lid cycle thermal energy
When water changes stages thermal energy releases or absorbed
Liquid to solid released
Liquid to gas absorbed
Energy transferred without changes in temperature
Earth temp relatively stable
Thermal energy transfer in oceans
Ocean currents main pathways for the transfer of thermal energy from warmer to cooler
Global winds blo to drive surface currents
Warmer are driven by trade winds 30 south and north westerly
Easterly in poles warm water to pole in mid latitudes
Cold water south in higher latitudes
Ocean current Coriolanus effect
North veeet right
South veer left
Change direction when encounter a land mass
Transferred vertically in convection currents
