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Microanatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of the microscopic structure and function of tissues and organs.

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2
Q

What are the three sectional planes?

A

Transverse, frontal, and longitudinal.

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3
Q

What is another word for longitudinal?

A

Sagittal

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4
Q

What is fixation?

A

Killing of the sample.

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5
Q

What is embedding?

A

Gives sample firmness. (ex: paraffin)

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6
Q

What charge are basic dyes? Give an example.

A

Positive. Hematoxylin.

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7
Q

What charge are acidic dyes? Give an example.

A

Negative. Eosin.

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8
Q

What type of material do basic dyes bind to? What about acidic dyes?

A

Basophilic. Acidophilic.

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9
Q

What is immunocytochemistry? Know the process.

A

Indirect method of visualizing proteins using primary and secondary antibodies.

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10
Q

What is the advantage of immunocytochemistry?

A

Signal enhancement.

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11
Q

What is confocal microscopy?

A

Optically sectioning of samples.

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12
Q

What’s the difference between SEM and TEM?

A

SEM creates a 3-D image while TEM shows thinly sliced sections.

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13
Q

What is the typical structure size of animal cells? What about their nuclei?

A

10-100 microns. 5-50 microns.

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14
Q

What is the typical width of a mitochondria?

A

0.5-1 microns.

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15
Q

What is the typical width of a cell membrane?

A

7 nm.

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16
Q

What are the limits of resolution for the human eye? What about light microscopy and electron microscopy?

A

0.2 mm. 0.2 microns. 0.2 nm.

17
Q

What is ‘d’ in Abbe’s equation?

A

The distance between resolvable objects.

18
Q

How do you decrease d in order to increase resolution?

A

Make the wavelength smaller.

19
Q

Which of the four tissue types has the most ECM? Which two have the least? What’s in the middle?

A

Connective. Nerve and epithelium. Muscle.

20
Q

What are epithelium’s cardinal features?

A

Tightly packed cells with low ECM. Intercellular junctions. Apical basal polarity. Rests on basal lamina.

21
Q

What junctions are found in the junctional complex? List from apical to basal.

A

Tight, adherence, desmosome, gap, and hemidesmosome.

22
Q

What is the typical width of a microfilament? Microtubule?

A

6 nm. 20-25 nm.

23
Q

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine is connected to a duct.

24
Q

What is the difference between simple and compound ducts?

A

The ducts of simple glands are not branched.

25
Q

What is the difference between tubular and alveolar/acinar glands?

A

Tubular are oval-shaped, acinar are spherical.

26
Q

What are CT’s resident cells?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, stem cells.

27
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

Reduces fluidity of the membrane.

28
Q

What does osmium tetroxide stain on the cell membrane? What does this create?

A

Stains phospholipid heads. Creates trilaminar structure.

29
Q

What is freeze fracture?

A

Process of splitting a membrane at hydrophobic tails into inner and outer leaflet.

30
Q

What are the faces exposed in a freeze fracture? Which one has more proteins?

A

E face (outer) and P face (inner). P face.

31
Q

This type of endocytosis brings in large molecules.

A

Phagocytosis.

32
Q

This type of pinocytosis involves clathrin.

A

Receptor mediated.

33
Q

What are lysosomes made by?

A

Golgi.

34
Q

What are the ER functions?

A

Protein synthesis, transport, detox, and calcium storage.

35
Q

What is the process called when an SRP bings to a signal peptide on a free ribosome?

A

Docking of the ribosome.

36
Q

Is the cis side of the golgi farther or closer to the ER?

A

Closer.

37
Q

What do the nuclear lamins make up? What are they composed of?

A

Nuclear lamina. Intermediate filaments.

Microanatomy (3 decks)

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