70 Mulitple Choice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following social groups emerged after the revival of towns in the eleventh century?
Long-distance traders and merchants
In the eighth century, wide use of what invention made the cavalry indispensable?
Stirrups
________ were the nobleman’s profession; ________ was his sole occupation.
Arms, warfare
The ceremonial entrance into knighthood was known as ________.
dubbing
Which of the following are the two basic types of clerical vocation?
monastic clergy and regular clergy
Which of the following is the correct order of the clergy, from the top down?
bishops, cathedral canons, and poor parish priests
Which of the following were least likely to be taxed by secular rulers?
clergy
Many peasants lived on ________ run by medieval nobility.
manors
Monopolies held by the landowners (and that tenants had to use) were known as ________.
banalities
Feudal lords supported towns by granting ________ to those agreeing to live and work in them.
charters
The Black Death refers to ________.
a virulent plague that struck fourteenth-century Europe
The Black Death ________.
was preceded by years of famine that weakened the populace.
Generally speaking, the Black Death moved ________ through Europe.
north and west
The Black Death found its way into Europe via ________.
Italy
The plague barely touched areas away from major trade routes such as ________.
Russia
Which of the following was thought by contemporaries to have caused the Black Death?
The Jewish Community
The Statute of Laborers ________.
limited wages to pre-plague levels.
The French peasant uprising of 1358 is known as the ________.
Jacquerie
The Hundred Years’ War took place primarily in _______
France
The Hundred Years’ War was fought between ________.
England and France
Which of the following cities played a key role in the trade between Europe and the Near East?
Venice
Medieval Europe was a feudal society that had a(n) ________.
agricultural economy and was dominated by the church.
Which of the following cities had uninterrupted trade with the Near East throughout the Middle Ages?
Pisa
Which of the following comprised Florence’s popolo grosso in the Renaissance?
Capitalists and bankers
What occurred in 1378 as a result of the unbearable conditions for those at the bottom of society and the disruption caused by the Black Death?
Chomping Revolt
Cosimo de’ Medici brought stability to which city after his rise to power in 1434?
Florence
The first humanists were ________.
orators and poets.
Who was known as the “father of humanism”?
Francesco Petrarch
Which of the following was the most important intellectual recovery made during the Italian Renaissance?
Greek studies
The great masters of the High Renaissance were ________.
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
The Reformation broke out first in the cities of ________.
England and Germany
From the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, lay religious groups shared a common goal of religious __________.
simplicity
Martin Luther ________.
was the son of a successful Thüringian miner.
In his Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Luther urged the German princes to ________.
force reforms on the Roman Catholic Church.
Luther’s impulse to reform church doctrine focused on _______.
salvation
German Protestant rulers realized the political implications of the demise of the Roman Catholic Church and formed a defensive alliance called the ________.
Schmalkaldic League.
The Reformation in Zurich was led by ________.
Ulrich Zwingli
Anabaptists are the sixteenth-century ancestors of which of the following modern groups?
Mennonites and Amish
What event was held in the attempt to unite Swiss and German Protestants?
The Marburg Colloquy
How did predestination factor into Calvin’s theology?
It was central to his theology
Which writer advised people to look within themselves for religious truth and no longer to churches and creeds?
Valentin Weigel
The Peace of Augsburg recognized that ________.
the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land.
The most successful politique was ________
Elizabeth I of England.
Who did John Knox target in his work First Blast of the Trumpet against the Terrible Regiment of Women?
Mary I of England
What sparked the first wave of Protestant persecution in France?
The capture of the French king Francis I at the Battle of Pavia
Who were the three powerful families that sought the French monarchy after the death of king Henry II?
The Bourbons, the Montmorency-Chatillons, and the Guises
Huguenots made up about ________ of the French population, but _______ of the aristocracy.
one-fifteenth, two-fifths
The Edict of Nantes was criticized for ________.
turning a long cold war into a long hot war.
The ruler of Spain for most of the late 1500s was
Philip II.
What is William of Orange known for?
He led the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.
The seven provinces that became the United Provinces of the Netherlands emerged as a nation in 1572 after revolting against______.
Spain
After the economy declined and shipbuilding was taken over by England, the Dutch remained strong in _______.
financial institutions.
What model of government was able to foster a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?
Political absolutism embodied in France
The Militia Ordinance gave the English Parliament the power to________.
raise its own army
Who were the supporters of Charles I and Parliament in England’s 1642–1646 civil war?
The cavaliers and the roundheads, respectively
During the reign of James I, the British Parliament met ________.
only when convened by the monarch
Under the Treaty of Dover, Charles II allied with the ______ against the ______.
French, Dutch
Charles I might have ruled indefinitely without Parliament had his religious policies not provoked war with_______.
Scotland
After Cromwell’s death, the English were soon ready to restore______.
the monarchy and the Anglican Church.
Which of the following kings issued the first Declaration of Indulgence in 1672?
Charles II
Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of ______.
mathematical relationships.
The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by ______.
Johannas Kepler
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the discoveries that most captured the public imagination were made in _______.
astronomy
Who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries?
Issac Newton
Who is known as the father of empiricism?
Francis Bacon
Although he invented analytic geometry, whose most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction?
René Descartes
Descartes divided existing things into two categories: body and ______.
mind
Hobbes saw human beings as ________.
self-centered, power-hungry creatures
Maria Winkelmann made her contributions in the field of _______.
astronomy
