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AS History (The Impact of Chairman Mao: China, 1946-1976) > 7 - The Aftermath of the Great Leap Forward > Flashcards

7 - The Aftermath of the Great Leap Forward Flashcards

In this chapter you will learn about: -the results of the Great Leap Forward for the Chinese people -how far the failure of the Great Leap forward weakened Mao's position -how this failure caused divisions within the Communist Party over the future direction of economic planning -the growing power struggle within the Communist Party

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1
Q

How many people died as a result of the famine of 1959-1962 in the aftermath of the Great Leap Forward

A

20 mil

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2
Q

How many fewer children were born in the period 1959-1962? Why did this happen?

A
  • 15mil

- women were to weak to conceive

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3
Q

Where was the famine of the Great Leap Forward worst?

A

Rural areas

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4
Q

What percentafe of Tibets population died in the famine?

A

20%

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5
Q

Name three provinces where the provincial Party had most enthusiastically promoted the Great Leap Forward?

A
  • Anhui
  • Henan
  • Sichuan
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6
Q

What happened in the provinces of Anhui, Henan and Sichuan?

A

1/4 of the population died

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7
Q

What was the situation in Beijing after the Great Leap Forward?

A

The annual death rate increased by 250% (1959-1962)

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8
Q

What began to reappear during the famine years?

A
  • prostitution

- banditry

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9
Q

Who committed the worst crimes of armed robbery, rape and murder?

A

Militia units that had been established for self-defence in Henan

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10
Q

Where was the PLA deployed to put down armed rebellions?

A
  • Sichuan
  • Xizang
  • other Western provinces
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11
Q

Why were the labour camps extended?

A

To accommodate the many peasants trying to cultivate food for themselves or hide food destined to be requisitioned by the government for city dwellers

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12
Q

What was the situation by the early 1960s? Why was this surprising?

A
  • Chinese government was having to import food

- ran contrary to the self-reliance the Great Leap Forward was supposed to create

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13
Q

How much wheat was imported in 1961? From where?

A
  • 6 million tonnes
  • Canada and Australia
  • indirectly from the USA
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14
Q

When did China stop having to import food?

A

1970s

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15
Q

Are there any positives in the Great Leap Forward?

A
  • mass mobilisation of labour on large-scale irrigation projects did bring the possibility of development to previously infertile regions
  • Tiananmnen Square was created
  • Beijing experienced radical redevelopment
  • China began to develop nuclear weapons
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16
Q

When did China test its first atomic bomb?

A

1964

17
Q

What happened in December 1958? Who was he replaced by?

A
  • Mao stepped down as Chairman (Head of State) of the PRC

- Lui Shaoqi

18
Q

Mao had stepped down but was he relinquishing power?

A

No

  • he still retained his positions of:
  • -Chairman of the CPC
  • -Chairman of the Military Affairs Commission
19
Q

Why did Mao step down?

A

Relieving himself of the day to day running of the country so he could focus more on ideological matters

20
Q

Who didn’t share Mao’s optimism and belief in the power of mass mobilisation?

A

Other senior members of the Communist Party

21
Q

Why didn’t the other senior members say anything?

A

They were too afraid to openly challenge him

22
Q

Peng returned to his birth place in early 1959. What did he see?

A
  • first hand effects of village poverty/ food shortages

- as Defence Minister he knew that military transport was being used to take food relief to the worst hit areas

23
Q

When was the next meeting of the Central Committee of the Party? Where was it held? What happened?

A
  • July 1959
  • Lushan
  • Peng wrote a ‘letter of opinion’ to Mao putting forth his views on the GLF
24
Q

What did Peng’s ‘letter of opinion’ say?

A
  • praised the overall achievements
  • criticised specific things
  • argued it was correct in theory but flawed in practice
  • he did not exempt Mao from criticism
25
Q

The letter was intended to be given directly to Mao. What actually happened to it?

A
  • published by Mao to all the delegates

- used to destroy Peng’s carrier

26
Q

What was Peng charged with in the Central Committee meeting?

A

Deviation from the ‘general line’ - one of the worst cries of which a leading Communist could be accused

27
Q

What was Peng denounced as in the Central Committee meeting?

A

A rightist

28
Q

What happened after the Central Committee meeting?

A

Mao convened a meeting of the Politburo to decide Peng’s fate

29
Q

What was unfortunate about Peng’s timing of his criticisms?

A

Echoed those of the Soviet Leadership at a time of rapidly worsening relationships with the USSR

30
Q

What was Peng accused of in the politburo meeting?

A
  • ‘objectively aiding China’s enemies’

- leading a ‘right-opportunist ant-Party clique’

31
Q

What happened to Peng after he had been found guilty of all charges?

A
  • dismissed as Defence Minister
  • placed under virtual house arrest
  • retained position in the politburo
  • but never came to another meeting
32
Q

Who replaced Peng as Defence Minister?

A

Lin Biao who was brought out of semi-retirement

33
Q

Why was the Peng Duhai affair a defining moment in the history of the Chinese Communist Party?

A
  • any leading comrade should’ve been able to express his views freely at Party meetings as long as the final decision was accepted by all
  • obviously, it was no longer safe to do so
34
Q

What other repercussions did the Peng Duhai affair have? (2) - ((3)), ((3))

A
  • 1959 there were signs that Mao was going to moderate some of the wilder aspects of the GLF
  • swung to the left again to show he had been correct
  • launched the second GLF which made it more of a disaster
  • another purge ensued
  • 6 mil people subjected to struggle meetings
  • 80% of basic-level cadres in Sichuan dismissed from the Parry
35
Q

What was happening by 1961?

A

Signs that the Communist Party leadership were beginning to rethink their flawed economic policy

36
Q

What was abandoned in April 1961?

A

Communal canteens

37
Q

What happened by June 1961?

A
  • peasants allowed to cultivate own food
  • communes began to introduce financial incentives
  • rural fairs and markets permitted
38
Q

What was the situation by 1962? (4)

A
  • 25 mil peasants who had drifted to the towns in search of work returned to the villages
  • 250,000 inefficient enterprises set up under the GLF had been closed down
  • coal and steel targets reduced to more realistic levels
  • industrial workers offered financial incentives

AS History (The Impact of Chairman Mao: China, 1946-1976) (6 decks)

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