7. Sport and joints Flashcards
Define “synovial joint”
Joint with capsule which is continuous with the periosteum containing synovial fluid
What is synovial effusion?
Rapid accumulation of neutrophil-rich synovial fluid in bacterial infection
Recall the arrangement of collagen in articular cartilage
At articular surface: parallel
In midzone: criss-crossed
At bone: orthogonal
Where does bone growth originate?
Epiphysis
When does growth end?
When epiphysis fuses to diaphysis
Recall Volkmann’s law
Compression forces inhibit growth
Tensile forces stimulate growth
Describe the alignment if your knees are outside the line between your hips and your feet
Varus
Describe the alignment if your knees are inside the line between your hips and your feet
Valgus
How can joint shape be altered surgically?
Osteotomy - wedge inserted
What does Wolff’s law describe?
Transformation of bone
Recall Wolff’s law
o Bone remodels according to the stresses applied to it
Give an example of an application of Wolff’s law
Surfers law down more bone on the dorsum of their foot due to misloading
Describe the differences in the body’s adaptation to increasing sporting activity as a child vs as an adult
As a child = adapt well, build more bone
As an adult you might build bone mass but it is less likely to be in the right place to be mechanically efficient
What does DDH stand for? Describe its pathophysiology
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Malformation of acetabulum in utero causinf femoral head to malform
Recall one innocuous yet significant risk factor for osteoarthritis development
Meniscal injury
