7. Solids Liquids + gases Flashcards

1
Q

What is mass?

A

Amount of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is volume?

A

Amount of space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is density?

A

How compact the matter is - tells you how much matter is in a particular volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the density equation?

A

Density kg/m3= mass(g/kg)/volume (cm3/m3)

p=m/v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you convert cm2 to m2?

A

Divide by 10,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you find the density of solid objects?

A
  1. Measure mass with balance
  2. Measure length, width + height of object
  3. Calculate volume using volume = length x width x height
  4. Calculate density
  5. Repeat for different objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you find the density using water displacement with a Eureka can?

A
  1. Measure mass using balance
  2. Fill eureka can up to spout
  3. Add object + measure water that leaves eureka can - this is equal to volume of object
  4. Calculate density
  5. Repeat for different objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you find density with water displacement with a measuring cylinder?

A
  1. Measure mass using a balance
  2. Measure initial volume of water in measuring cylinder
  3. Add object = measure new reading in measuring cylinder
  4. Calculate volume of object by subtracting volume readings
  5. Calculate density
  6. Repeat for different objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 4 common ways to reduce the accuracy of these experiments?

A
  1. Not zeroing balance
  2. Not taking measurement from measuring cylinder at eye level (parallax error)
  3. Placing measuring cylinder on uneven surface before taking a measurement
  4. Not filling eureka can up to the spout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Would a measuring cylinder or beaker lead to more precise measurements?

A

Measuring cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Objects made out of the same material have the same…

A

Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An object will float if its average density is…

A

Less than the liquid it is floating in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does a boat float?

A

Average density of boat and air inside is less than density of water - air is much less dense than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pressure a measure of?

A

How spread out a force is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

As you increase the size of the force you ..

A

Increase the size of the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As you decrease the size of the area over which a force acts, you increase

A

The pressure`

17
Q

Pressure equation

A

Pressure = force/area

Measured in pascals (Pa) or N/cm2

Area is measured in m2 (so don’t forget to convert)

18
Q

What causes a balloon to be forced outward when it is filled with a gas?

A
  • more particles inside balloon
  • more collisions with the balloon
  • greater outward pressure
19
Q

Does pressure increase in depth?

20
Q

Why are Magdeburg hemispheres forced together when there is a vacuum inside them?

A
  • no outward pressure cos vacuum inside
  • inward pressure caused by atmosphere pushing them together
21
Q

What is the pressure difference equation?

A

Pressure difference = density x g x depth

P = pgh

22
Q

Explain how pressure is exerted by gases in containers

A
  • particles continually colliding w each other + walls of container
  • exert force on wall
  • pressure is the combined force of all the collisions
23
Q

Explain why heating a material will change the energy stored in the material and raise its temperature?

A
  • particles increase in speed
  • kinetic energy increases
  • thermal store increases
24
Q

What are the differences between evaporation and boiling?

A

Boiling occurs at boiling point, but evaporation occurs below boiling point

Evaporation only occurs at surface, whereas boiling occurs throughout the liquid

A source of energy is needed for boiling whereas energy is taken from the surroundings for evaporation

25
What happens during evaporation?
- faster particles near surface able to escape liquid - avg kinetic energy of remaining particles is lower than before - lower avg kinetic energy corresponds to lower temp - thermal energy stored in surroundings is transferred to cooler liquid by heating
26
Does the temp remain constant during a change in state?
Yes
27
What is the change in thermal energy equation?
Triangle E = m x c x triangle T
28
What is Boyle’s law?
For a gas with a constant mass and temp the pressure will increase when the volume decreases
29
Why does boyle’s law occur/
- elastic collisions with the particles and container cause gas to exert an outward force on container - when gas expands at constant emp speed of particles is unchanged - force of each collision is unchanged - however particles collide less frequently, resulting in avg force and pressure to decrease
30
Why does boyle’s law occur/
- elastic collisions with the particles and container cause gas to exert an outward force on container - when gas expands at constant emp speed of particles is unchanged - force of each collision is unchanged - however particles collide less frequently, resulting in avg force and pressure to decrease
31
What is the equation for volume and pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant temp?
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 P1 is initial pressure P2 is final pressure V1 is initial vol V2 is final vol
32
What units do you use for pressure?
Pascals Pa
33
What happens to the particles of a gas when temp increases?
- as temp of gas increases, speed and avg kinetic energy of particles increases
34
What is absolute zero?
-273 degrees Celsius Where particles stop moving
35
How to convert between kelvin and Celsius?
Temp (K) = temp (c) + 273 Temp (c) = temp (K) -273 -273 c = 0K
36
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and absolute temp of the gas? (Measured in kelvin)
Directly proportional Eg as temp of gas doubles kinetic energy of particles would double
37
Why is pressure directly proportional to absolute temperature (kelvin) if volume remains fixed?
- as temp increases speed and kinetic energy of particles increases - increases force of each collision and frequency of each collision - pressure that gas exerts increases
38
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
As pressure increases volume decreases
39
What is the pressure law?
P1/T1 = P2/T2 T1 = initial absolute temp, T2 = final absolute temp both in kelvin