7] Short-term & Working Memory Flashcards
What is memory
Process involved in retaining, retrieving and using information about stimuli after the original information is no longer present
Memory processes: What is encoding
Taking information in and transforming it into a mental representation
E.g: Paying attention to someone telling you their name
Memory processes: What is storage
Storing and organising encoded information
E.g: Meaningfully locating a name with other knowledge
Memory processes: What is retrieval
Accessing/recovering information from the memory system, failure is tip of the tongue
E.g: Accessing the name when seeing them again
What are the three types of memory
1] Sensory memory
2] Short-term memory
3] Long-term memory
What are the two types of long term memory
1] Explicit
(episodic, semantic)
2] Implicit
(procedural, priming, classical conditioning)
What is the muti-store model of memory
Memory consists of three distinct stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM), with information flowing sequentially between them.
Memory stores differ in
1] Capacity
2] Duration
3] Mechanisms of forgetting
4] Effects of brain damage
What is information processing approach
Inputs from the environment enter sensory memory (perception), some items go into short term (attention) and the rest say in the sensory store
Support of MSM
1] Patient HM- sever amnesia
2] Clive Wearing- viral encephalitis (impaired LTM)
3] KF- damage to parietal lobe impaired STM
What is sensory memory
Its function is to story sensory information, for a short duration
Has a very large capacity and forgetting occurs by decay.
Sensory Memory: Modality
Sensory stores, each limited to sensory modality
1] Ionic- visual, 0.5 s
2] Echoic- auditory, 3-4 s
3] Haptic- 1 second
What is short-term memory
It stores a small amount of information for a limited amount of time, approximately 15-30 seconds.
Short-term memory: Measurements
1] Recall tests
2] Serial recall
3] Free recall
4] Cued recall
What is working memory
A limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks learning/reasoning
Working memory combines with LTM to
1] Acquire new knowledge
2] Assist learning
3] Form goals
4] Support interaction with physical environment
