7 Organic Seperate 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are alkenes

A

A different type of hydrocarbon which is more reactive than an alkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

As a starting material to make more useful chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

React it with bromine water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the colour change when an alkene reacts with bromine water?

A

Turns from orange to colourless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

A hydrocarbon with a double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does unsaturated means?

A

Contains double bonds (which could become C-H bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the first four alkenes?

A

Ethene, propene, butene, pentene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four reactions of alkenes?

A

Combustion, with water, with hydrogen and with halogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the combustion of alkenes different to combustion of alkanes?

A

Alkenes usually react by incomplete combustion so burn with smoky flames

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen, water and halogens known as “addition” reactions?

A

Because new atoms are being added to the molecule by breaking the double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen?

A

An alkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What conditions are necessary in the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen?

A

60oC, Nickel catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with a halogen?

A

An alkane with two halogen atoms where the double bond used to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the product from the reaction of an alkene with steam?

A

An alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What conditions are necessary for the reaction of alkenes with steam?

A

High temperature, high pressure, catalyst

17
Q

What functional group do all alcohols have?

18
Q

Name and draw the first four alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol (ethanol pictured)

19
Q

What happens when an alcohol reacts with sodium?

A

It forms a sodium salt (e.g. sodium ethoxide from ethanol) and releases hydrogen gas.

20
Q

What are the products of a combustion reaction involving an alcohol and oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

Write a symbol equation for the reaction of methanol/ethanol/propanol/butanol with oxygen

A

E.g CH3CH2OH + 5O2 gives 2CO2 + 3H2O

22
Q

Do alcohols dissolve in water?

A

Yes, they form neutral solutions

23
Q

How do alcohols react with oxidizing agents?

A

They turn into carboxylic acids

24
Q

What are the main uses of alcohols?

A

Solvents, ethanol used as drinking alcohol and a biofuel

25
What is fermentation?
The process of turning glucose (a natural sugar) into ethanol
26
What is required for natural fermentation?
Yeast
27
What functional groups do all carboxylic acids have?
COOH
28
Name and draw the first four carboxylic acids
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid (image is ethanoic acid)
29
Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?
Not all their molecules ionise when in water
30
What is the product of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
An ester