7 Organic Flashcards

1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What is crude oil formed from?

A

The remains of ancient biomass (mostly plankton) that was buried in mud

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3
Q

What is a finite resource?

A

One that will run out

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4
Q

Why is crude oil a finite resource?

A

Because it takes longer to form than the rate at which we are using it up

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5
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen only

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6
Q

What is a general formula?

A

A mathematical formula which allows you to work out the chemical formula of a substance

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7
Q

What is an alkane?

A

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds

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8
Q

Name the first four alkanes

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane

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9
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2 (the n and 2n are small)

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10
Q

How does boiling point change with the length of an alkane?

A

The longer the alkane, the higher its boiling point

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11
Q

How does viscosity change with the length of an alkane?

A

The longer the alkane, the more viscous (the thicker) it is

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12
Q

How does flammability change with the length of an alkane?

A

The longer the alkane, the less flammable it is

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13
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A process used to separate mixtures of substances with different boiling points

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14
Q

What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?

A

Crude oil is vaporised, different molecules rise up the fractionating column and cool down. Condense at different points on the column.

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15
Q

Why is fractional distillation important?

A

Because the different fractions have different uses

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16
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A substance which when reacted with oxygen releases energy

17
Q

Name five fuels we obtain from crude oil

A

Petrol, diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gases

18
Q

What other uses are there for products of fractional distillation?

A

Solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents

19
Q

What is combustion?

A

The reaction of a fuel with oxygen

20
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur?

A

When there is not enough oxygen present