7. Oral Functions 1 (Muscles)

Question 1

Muscles of mastication (4)

Answer 1

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 2

Origin of masseter

Answer 2

Zygomatic arch

Question 3

Insertion of masseter

Answer 3

Lateral surface and angle of the mandible

Question 4

Function of masseter

Answer 4

Elevation of mandible

Question 5

Examination of masseter

Answer 5

One finger intra-oral, two on cheek (post. to wisdom tooth)/feel checks and clench

Question 6

Origin of temporalis

Answer 6

Floor of temporal fossa

Question 7

Insertion of temporals (2)

Answer 7

Coronoid process

Anterior border of the ramus

Question 8

Function of temporalis

Answer 8

Elevation and retraction of mandible

Question 9

Examination of temporalis

Answer 9

Palpate origin by clenching

Question 10

Origin of lateral pterygoid

Answer 10

Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Question 11

Insertion of lateral pterygoid (2)

Answer 11

Anterior border of condyle

Intra-articular disc

Question 12

Function of lateral pterygoid (2)

Answer 12

Protrudes and laterally deviates mandible

Inferior head functions with mandibular depressors during opening

Question 13

Attachment/insertion of inferior belly of lateral pterygoid

Answer 13

Head of condyle

Question 14

Attachment/insertion of superior belly of lateral pterygoid

Answer 14

Intra-articular disc

Question 15

Examination of lateral pterygoid

Answer 15

Inaccessible to manual palpation (move mouth side to side with resistance)

Question 16

Origin of deep head of medial pterygoid

Answer 16

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid

Question 17

Origin of superficial head of medial pterygoid

Answer 17

Tuberosity of the maxilla

Question 18

Insertion of medial pterygoid

Answer 18

Medial surface of angle of mandible

Question 19

Function of medial pterygoid

Answer 19

Elevation and protrusion of mandible

Question 20

Examination of medial pterygoid

Answer 20

Inaccessible to manual palpation

No reliable way to examine

Question 21

Types of TMJ movement (2)

Answer 21

Rotation (initial opening)

Translation (wider opening)

Question 22

TMJ movement during mandibular protrusion (2)

Answer 22

Both condyles leave their fossae

Move along the articular eminences

Question 23

TMJ movement during mandibular retrusion (2)

Answer 23

Both condyles leave the eminences

Move back into their fossae

Question 24

Factors affecting max bite forces

Answer 24

Muscle mass

Question 25

Max bite force between molars

Answer 25

200-700N

Question 26

Suprahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 26

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

Question 27

Infrahyoid (strap) muscles

Answer 27

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 28

Which muscles act as depressors when the hyoid bone is fixed by contraction of the infrahyoids (3)

Answer 28

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 29

Types of tongue muscles (2)

Answer 29

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Question 30

Intrinsic tongue muscles (3)

Answer 30

Longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse

Question 31

Extrinsic tongue muscles (4)

Answer 31

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus

Question 32

Function of facial muscles (2)

Answer 32

Control bolus

Prevent spillage

Question 33

Important muscles of facial expression (2)

Answer 33

Orbicularis oris

Buccinator