7. Hip Flashcards
Gluteus Maximus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Largest - most superficial of gluteus muscles; forms bulk of buttock mass; fasicles are thick and coarse; intramuscular injection - overlies large sciatic nerve.
O- dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
I- gluteal tuberosity of fermur, iliotibial tract
A- major extensor of thigh complex, powerful, and most effective when thigh is flexed and force is necessary. cover ishial tuberosity when standing and moves superiorly when sitting - leaving ishial tuberosity exposed.
Gluteus medius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Thick muscle coverd by gluteus maximus,
O- b/w anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
I- by short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter
A- abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis,
Gluteus minimus
Origin
Insertion
Action
smallest and deepest of gluteal muscles
O- b/w anterior and inferior gluteal lines on external surface of ilium
I- anterior border of greater trochanter of fermur
A- abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis,
Piriformis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Pyramidal muscle located on posterior aspect of hip joint; inferior to gluteus minimus; issues from pelvis via greater sciatic notch
O- anterolateral surface of sacrum (opposite grater sciatic notch)
I- superior border of greater trochanter of fermur
A- rotates extend thigh laterally; because inserts above head of fermur, can also assist in abduction of thigh when hip is flexed; stabilizes hip joint
Quadratus femoris
Origin
Insertion
Action
L- short, thick muscle; most inferior of lateral rotator muscles; extends laterally from pelvis
O- ischial tuberosity
I- intertrochanteric crest of femur- posterior and inferior to greater trochanter
A- rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint
Iliopsoas - iliacus
Origin
Insertion
Action
A composite of two closely related muscles (iliacus and psoas major) whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament to insert via common tendon on the femur.
L- large fan shaped, more lateral muscle
O- iliac fossa, ala
I- lesser trochanter of fermur via iliopsoas tendon
A - iliospsoas is the prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk (bowing)
Pectineus
Origin
Insertion
Action
short, flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh; aduts adductor longus medially
O- pectineal line of pubis (and superior ramus)
I- a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
A- adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
Adductor brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
In contact w/obturator externus muscle; largely concealed by adductor longus and pectineus
O- body and inferior ramus of pubis
I- linea aspera above adductor longus
A- adducts and medially rotates thigh
Adductor longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
overlies middle aspect of adductor magnus; most anterior of adductor muscles
O- pubis near pubic symphysis
I- linea aspera
A- adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Adductor magnus
Origin
Insertion
Action
A triangular muscle w/a broad insertion; is a composite muscle that is part adductor and part hamstring
O- ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
I- linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle of fermur
A- anterior part adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh; posterior part is synergist of hamstrings in thigh extension
Sartorius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses hip and knee joints
O- anterior superior iliac spine
I- winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
A- flexes abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg (weak) as in a soccer kick; helps produce the cross legged position
Rectus femoris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Superficial muscle of anterior thigh; runs straight down thigh; longest head and only muscle of group to cross hip joint
O- anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I- patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A- extends leg and flexes thigh
Semimembranosus
Origin
Insertion
Action
deep to semitendinosus
O- ischial tuberosity
I- medial condyle of tibia; through oblique ligament of knee to lateral condyle of femur
A- extends thigh and flexes leg; medially rotates leg
Semitendinosus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Lies medial to biceps femoris; its long, slender tendon begins about two-thirds of the way down thigh
O- ischial tuberorisity
I- medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
A- extends thigh and flexes leg; medially rotates leg
Long head of biceps femoris
Origin
Insertion
Action
L- Most lateral muscle of the group; arises from two head
O- ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and distal femur (short head)
I- common tendon passes downward and laterally (forming lateral border of popliteal fossa) to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
A- extends thigh and flexes leg; laterally rotates leg when knee is semiflexed
