7. Globalisation and Crime - 1. Globalisation and Crime Flashcards
According to the 1999 UN Development Programme what crimes have massively increased due to globalisation? (6)
Dealings with illicit drugs
Illegal trafficking of weapons
Illegal trafficking of humans
Corruption
Violent crime
War crimes
What is the total value of transnational organised crime estimated to be per year according to the UN?
£1 trillion per year
Who talked about criminal networks and the effects of global crime?
Castells
What does globalisation involve according to Castells?
Involves the development of networks that cut across national boundaries, making the notion of self-contained societies outdated
How do criminal networks now operate as a result of globalisation? Why do they do this? (Castells)
Criminal networks now operate transnationally to reduce the risk and increase the profits
Where do criminal networks centre their criminal activities as a result of globalisation according to Castells?
They now centre their criminal activities upon countries where the state and its law enforcement are relatively weak (E.g. Afghanistan is the centre of heroin production)
Apart from causing harm to the victims, what do global crime networks cause harm to according to Castells?
Global crime networks harm the economy, politics and culture of the world
3 consequences of the globalisation of crime according to Newburn
- Reduces power of the nation state - what country should be responsible for punishing the criminal?
- Provides new opportunities for committing crimes
- Created a new awareness of risk from foreign countries
What is the main driver for the globalisation of crime according to Marxists like Taylor?
The development of capitalism is seen as the main driver for the globalisation of crime
How do the elites benefit from the globalisation of crime?
The ability to move finance around the world with minimal control enables a range of financial crime for the elites (E.g. tax evasion)
What factors of globalisation have allowed companies to shift production to countries where the production costs are the lowest?
Global capitalism
Cheap international transport
Improved communication systems
Characteristics of the countries that companies often shift production to due to globalisation
Low taxes
No welfare provision
No employment laws
Impact of the shift of production to lower income countries
Decline in employment and income levels in Western European countries, which leads to increased levels of crime and companies breaking laws in the low income countries
