7. Genetics, Populations, Evolution & Ecosystems

Question 1

Define genotype

Answer 1

The alleles present

Question 2

Define phenotype

Answer 2

Expression of the genotype (the characteristics you see)

Question 3

Define gene

Answer 3

Section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 4

Define allele

Answer 4

Different versions of the same gene

Question 5

Define homologous chromosome

Answer 5

Maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome, contains the same genes

Question 6

Define homozygous

Answer 6

2 copies of the same allele

Question 7

Define heterozygous

Answer 7

2 copies of different alleles

Question 8

Define dominant

Answer 8

If present in the genotype, it will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 9

Define recessive

Answer 9

2 recessive alleles needed in genotype to be expressed in phenotype

Question 10

Define diploid

Answer 10

A cell that contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Define haploid

Answer 11

Cells that contain one complete set of chromosomes

Question 12

Define codominant

Answer 12

2 alleles (or more) are both dominant so will both be expressed in the phenotype

Question 13

Define monohybrid inheritance

Answer 13

Inheritance of one gene on one chromosome

Question 14

Define dihybrid inheritance

Answer 14

Inheritance of 2 different genes on 2 different chromosomes

Question 15

Define sex-linkage

Answer 15

The expression of an allele dependent on the gender of the individual as the gene is located on a sex chromosome

Question 16

Define autosomal linkage

Answer 16

2 or more genes are on the same autosomal chromosome