7 - Embedded Systems

Question 1

Scheduling

Answer 1

Management of Resources: Static (periodic tasks + allocation @design time) vs. Dynamic (dynamic allocation with EDF)

Question 2

AUTOSAR

Answer 2

development partnership between OEMs and suppliers + ECU specific software + goal is easy exchange on different ECUs by standardization of system functions

Question 3

Task of Embedded Systems

Answer 3

regulate + control + optimize + supervise + assist

Question 4

Base Architectures

Answer 4

Round Robin Architecture (simple BUT slow and not flexible) + Preemptive Round Robin Architecture (simple BUT bad for task operations) + Task-Queue Scheduling (simple and good response times) + Real-Time Operating System (fastest response times but complex implementation)

Question 5

Tasks of RTOS

Answer 5

system startup + resource/memory management + communication services + control and execution of software

Question 6

Internal Bus

Answer 6

connects processor + memory + I/O units

Question 7

Layered Architecture

Answer 7

reduces complexity by hiding implementation details + OSI Layers

Question 8

Platform

Answer 8

Set of services. HW platform: microcontroller/sensors/actuators + SW platform: OS/communication services/bus protocols

Question 9

Technical Architecture

Answer 9

processors & electronic control unit hardware + communication connections

Question 10

ES Challenges and Requirements

Answer 10

real time capability + concurrency + reactivity + limited resources + safety/security + connectivity

Question 11

Actuators

Answer 11

control physical processes by converting them from electronic signals

Question 12

Communication System

Answer 12

data exchange between distributed applications via hardware & software: bus systems

Question 13

Name popular RTOS

Answer 13

LynxOS + PikeOS (A350) + QNX (BMW post2008) + VxWorks

Question 14

Software Architecture

Answer 14

Structure for Software System using software components

Question 15

Sensors

Answer 15

acquire measured values and convert them to electronical signals

Question 16

Multitasking

Answer 16

execute several processes/tasks concurrently @ same execution unit (cooperative vs. preemptive)

Question 17

Event Triggered Control

Answer 17

undefined latencies + useful for sporadic events + a priori estimation: NON-DETERMINISTIC

Question 18

Task

Answer 18

process running on system level

Question 19

External Bus

Answer 19

connects ECUs + sensors/actuators + instruments

Question 20

Characteristics Of Embedded Systems

Answer 20

collect data + store and process information output information via actuators/UI

Question 21

E/E Architecture

Answer 21

Electrical (energy supply/battery/HV/…) + Electronic (hardware: ECUs (…) / software)

Question 22

Embedded Systems in Automotive

Answer 22

~150 ECUs & complex bus and gateway topologies & 100M LOC & 4000 software controlled functions

Question 23

Time Triggered Control

Answer 23

defined latencies + stable control algorithms + fast computation: DETERMINISTIC

Question 24

Sensors and Actuators

Answer 24

mechatronic systems built out of technical components

Question 25

Deployment

Answer 25

Mapping onto technical components + potential for optimization + determines non-functional quality attributes and costs

Question 26

Real Time Capabilities

Answer 26

Soft RT: undefined response time / Hard RT: defined response times

Question 27

Microcontroller

Answer 27

hardware component that executes software + consists of microprocessor/memory/internal bus/clk/interfaces

Question 28

Embedded Systems

Answer 28

hardware/software + physical/technical context

Question 29

Thread

Answer 29

sub process task