7-Disorders of the immune System 2 Flashcards
humoral immunity
antibodies made by B lymphocytes/plasma cells
other names for neutrophils
granulocytes, polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs, Polys)
what is a band cell?
- an early neutrophil
- the level of these will rise in bacterial infections
which cellular markers identify T-lymphocytes?
CD2, CD3
types and percents of peripheral lymphocytes
- B Lymphocytes 10-20%
- Natural Killer cells: 10-15%
- 60-70% T-lymphocytes (also in lymph nodes and spleen)
- 60% of those are CD4+ and 30% are CD8+ (of CD3+? cells)
T cell antigen receptor binds to:
CD3 complex
TCR
somatic gene rearrangements (?)
T cell proliferations:
- (mono)clonal=neoplastic (potential for malignancy)
- polyclonal=non-neoplastic
CD4+ helper T cells
- secrete cytokines
- 60% of CD3+ T cells
- TH1 induce cellular immunity
- TH2 induce humoral immunity
- CD4 bind MHC class II for antigen presentation
CD8+ suppressor T cells
- cytotoxicity
- 30% of CD3+ T cells
- CD8 binds MHC class I for Ag presnetation
CD4/CD8 ratio
~2:1
-HIV infection destroys CD4 cells; ratio <1
where are B lymphocytes predominately found?
bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
When B lymphocytes are stimulated by antigens, =
they form plasma cells
What are the CD markers for B cells?
CD19, CD 20, CD21
what virus infects B cells? and what disease does it cause?
-what medication is used to treat it?
- EBV
- infectious mononucleosus
- rituximab (anti-CD20 against B cell malignancies)
Dendritic/Langerhans’ cells are Ag presenting, what class of MHC?
- MHC class II
- they are NOT phagocytic
- Fc receptors trap Ags and immunologic memory
where are dendritic cells found?
in lymphoid tissue
where are langerhans’ cells found?
in epidermis
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
associated with NK cells
CD16=
Fc receptor to target IgG-coated cells
-NK cells
which type of cells are large granular (azurophilic) lymphocytes?
NK cells
Which cells are the first line of defense?
NK cells
-they lyse tumor, virus-infected cells without previous sensitization
Medication: Herceptin (trastuzumab)
- anti-breat cancer antibody
- admin IV
- coats tumor cells that have Her-2 on membrane
- NK cell recognizes Fc regions and destroys tumor cells by ADCC
which cytokine is associated with chemotaxis?
IL-8, and eotaxin
Medication: Rituxan (rituximab)
anti-CD20 for B-cell malignancy
Medications: Remicade (infliximab) and Enbrel (etanercept)
-anti-TNF-alpha for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease
histocompatability genes (Ags)
-chromosome 6
medications for type I hypersensitivity
- antihistamines
- leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA): montelukast and zafirlukast
- epinephrine
- steroids (inhaler)
- methylated xanthines (theophylline)
urticaria
hives
type II hypersensitivity
- antibody dependent
- target Ags on cell membranes
- complement-mediated reactions (blood transfusions, Rh factor with mom and baby)
type III hypersensitivity
- immune complex mediated
- activation of complement;
- accumulation of granulocytes that cause damage
- systemic
- local (arthus reaction)
farmer’s lung is what type of hypersensitivity?
Type III (immune complex mediated)
- more specifically, it’s local (arthus reaction)
- acute immune complex vasculitis with tissue necrosis
Type IV hypersensitivity
- cell mediated
- delayed hypersensitivity by CD4+ cells
- granuloma
- transplant rejection
- cellular cytotoxicity by CD8+ cells
A positive TB skin test is an example of what type of Hypersensitivity?
Type IV
