7. Clearing and settlement Flashcards
What are the 3 stages associated w clearing and settlement?
- pre-settlement and clearing
- settlement
- post-settlement
What is involved in pre-settlement and clearing
- execution of trade
- matching of trade details
- confirmation of payment and delivery obligations
- potential use of CCP as clearing house
What is involved in settlement>?
- legal title transferred to buyer
- cash value of securities transferred to seller
- potential use of central securities depositary
What is an example of a CSD?
Euroclear UK and Ireland
What is the system used for settlement in the UK?
CREST
- owned by Euroclear UK and Ireland
What is involved in post-settlement?
- managing any settlement failures
- accounting for the settled trades
What is the usual settlement time?
T+2
When is settlement T+1?
- new equity issues
- government bonds (UK, US and Japan)
- money market instruments
How long does it take to settle certificated transfers?
T+10
How long does it take to settle REPO and stock borrowing and lending?
T+0
How long does it take to settle F/X Forward?
T>2
What are settlement systems/models?
Settlement models that fulfill delivery vs payment (DvP) requirements
What are the 3 main settlement models?
- Gross, simultaneous settlement of securities and funds
- Gross settlement of securities followed by net settlement of funds
- Net simultaneous settlement of securities and funds
What are the features of model 1?
- electronic book-entry transfer of securities and funds on a trade-by-trade gross basis
- final transfer of securities (delivery) ocurring at same time as final transfer of funds (payment)
- mostly used in europe
What are the features of model 2?
- electronic book-entry transfer of securities on trade by trade gross basis
- net settlement of funds at end of processing cycle
- delivery occurs before payment
- used in US and popular emerging markets
What are the features of model 3?
- electronic book entry of securities and funds on net basis at end of processing cycle
- delivery and payment occur at same time
What services do custodians/depositaries offer?
- safekeeping; ensure client assets fully protected at all times (via segregation of assets)
- admin; facilitate DvP, corporate actions, linked w registrars and regulators, provide market info