7 - child development

Question 1

4 domains of child development

Answer 1

gross motor skills – e.g. position, head lag, sitting, walking, running

speech and language development – e.g. vocalisation, words, understanding, imaginative play

social skills – social interaction, stranger reaction, eating skills, dressing

fine motor skills — e.g. use of hands, grasp, fine pincer, crayons, puzzles

Question 2

Key milestones 6 weeks

Answer 2

lift head to 45 degrees
calmed by mother
vocalises not crying
smiles responsively

Question 3

Key milestones 3 months

Answer 3

holds head at 90 degrees
holds objects
follows 360 degrees with eyes
laughs 
turns to voice

Question 4

Key milestones 6 months

Answer 4

Sits with support
bounce 
mama gaga baba imitates speech
puts objects into mouth
shy with strangers

Question 5

Key milestones 9 months

Answer 5

pulls to stand
crawls
thumb finger/ pincer grasp
mama specific 
pat-a-cake

Question 6

Key milestones 12 months

Answer 6

stands
walks briefly
pincer grasp
3 words
waves

Question 7

Key milestones 15 months

Answer 7

walks
scribbles circles
use spoon
remove shoes and socks

Question 8

Key milestones 18 months

Answer 8

walks well
runs
50 words
imitates housework
plays with dolls

Question 9

Key milestones 2 years

Answer 9

uses stairs
kick ball well
phrases
draw lines
puts on shoes
washes hands
toilet trained

Question 10

Key milestones 3 years

Answer 10

stands on one foot
pedals tricycle
draw circles and triangles
sentences 
full name
separates from mother easily

Question 11

Key milestones 4 years

Answer 11

jumps
hops
draw stickmen and squares
name colours 
dresses

Question 12

Causes of developmental delay

Answer 12

antenatal - infection, medication, drugs, environmental exposures

birth - premature, prolonged/complicated labour

postnatal - illness, trauma

consanguinity - increases chances of chromosomal/ autosomal recessive conditions

Question 13

Name 4 common developmental problesms

Answer 13

cerebral palsy
autism
ADHD
learning disability

Question 14

What is cerebral palsy, CF, and MDT involved

Answer 14

movement and posture disorder from a non progressive lesion of the brain before 2 years

learning difficulties
poor growth
hearing loss
visual impairment 
feeding difficulties 
respiratory problems

dietician 
Speech and language therapist
OT
Physiotherapist
Paediatrician
social worker
pscyhologist

Question 15

what is autism, which gender it affects more, what age it presents, CF, comorbidities

Answer 15

a spectrum of disorders that affect social interaction, communication, interests and behaviour

affects boys more
2-4 years

need for routine
repetitive behaviour
impaired social behaviour
speech and language disorder

comorbidities: learning difficulties, epilepsy

Question 16

ADHD 5 features, increases risk of, RF, in adulthood….

MDT

Answer 16

1 - inattention
2 - hyperactivity
3 - impulsivity 
4 - lasts more than 6 months
5 - starts under age of 7 and is inconsistent with childs developmental level

increases risk of conduct disorder, aggression, anxiety

RF: boys 4:1

adulthood - antisocial personality, increased incidence of criminal activity and substance abuse

MDT
psychologist
family therapist
drug therapy
dietician - exclusion of certain food e.g. red food colouring

Question 17

Learning disability - causes, present with, associated problems

Answer 17

causes - chromosomal abnormalities
syndromes e.g. Downs
postnatal trauma
degenerative diseases

present with decreased intellectual functioning, delay in early milestones

epilepsy, sensory impairment, ADHD