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Science > 7: Chem Terms > Flashcards

7: Chem Terms Flashcards

Year 7: Chemistry terms and ideas

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1
Q

Define Matter

A
  1. Something that takes up space
  2. Something that has mass
  3. Something made of atoms
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2
Q

What is pure matter?

A

Pure matter is a substance made of only one substance

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3
Q

What is impure matter?

A

Impure Matter is a substance that is a combination of different substances, eg. A mixture.

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made of only one type of atom

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a substance that is created from multiple elements.

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a type of molecule, but it is a combination of different elements.

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7
Q

What makes a mixture homogeneous ?

A

A mixture becomes homogenous when it is:
A) Uniform and does not refract light
B) Consists of a solvent and a solute
C) The Solute is so eagerly dispersed in the Solvent that it cannot be filtered

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8
Q

What makes a mixture heterogenous?

A

A mixture becomes heterogenous when it:
A) It refracts light
B) Requires constant movement to have particles suspended in another, otherwise sediment at the bottom will be formed.
C) Can be filtered

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9
Q

What is a sign of a physical change?

A

A physical change is a change that applies to the substance itself. It can be measured, or observed.
It is easily reversible. It can be physical when:
It is a change of state,
It is a change in size or shape..

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10
Q

What is a sign of a chemical change?

A 
A chemical change involves the changing of a substances chemical identity. They are not easily reversible. It can be chemical when:
Gas is released
Light or Heat is formed
A new colour occurs
A new smell or sound occurs.
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11
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solute is something that gets dissolved.

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12
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent dissolves a solute.

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13
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a mixture that consists of a solute and solvent, cannot be filtered and is homogenous.

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14
Q

Define dissolve.

A

The process of a solute becoming evenly dispersed and thus becoming un-filterable in a solvent.

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15
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

Soluble means that two i subsets aces are able to be dissolved/dissolve the other.

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16
Q

What dies insoluble mean?

A

Insolvable means that two substances cannot dissolve/be dissolved in another.

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17
Q

In a solution of sugar and water- which of the two is the solvent?

A

The water.

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18
Q

Briefly define the process of Sieving.

A

Seiving involves separating a heterogenous mixture by putting the mixture through small holes of a mesh device. By shaking the device back and forth, the larger particles are trapped and unable to ass through the device, while the finer once’s can pass through nicely.

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19
Q

Briefly Define the process of Decanting.

A

Decanting involves allowing a suspensions larger particles to form sediment at the bottom, and then pouring the liquid component out of whatever was holding the mixture. The sediment is left behind.

20
Q

Briefly Define the process of Sedimentation.

A

Sedimentation is a technique send on suspensions where the larger particles are left to form sediment at the bottom. The remaining can substance can be removed.

21
Q

Briefly Define the process of Filtration.

A

Filtration is a technique that relies on the larger particles of a suspension not being able to pass through a concise filter. The finer substance can pass through the filter funnel, which is a small type lined with filter paper.

22
Q

Briefly Define the process of Magnetic Separation.

A

Magnetic separation relays on separating a substance based on its attractiveness to magnets. If a substance is magnetic it can be pulled form the other substance(s) because they are not attracted.

23
Q

Briefly Define the process of Chromatography.

A

Chromatography is a separation that relies on separating substances based on the difference of rates or ‘speed’ between the substances. It requires a medium that particles can climb up.

24
Q

Briefly Define the process of Distillation.

A

Distillation is a separation technique that separates substances based on a difference of boiling points for two liquids. It requires a distillation apparatus that boils a combination of liquids allowing the gas form of one to rise into a condenser and then be cooled to become liquid again.

25
Q

Briefly Define the process of Evaporation.

A

Evaporation is a technique used to seperate homogenous mixtures where a solute has been dissolved in a solvent. The solvent is evaporated leaving the solute behind.

26
Q

Briefly Define the process of Centrifuging.

A

Centrifuging is a method that separates based on a difference of densities- where a combination of substances is spun around at very high speeds and the denser off the two substances forms a layer and the bottom.

27
Q

Briefly Define the process of Floatation.

A

Floatation is a method where a mixture is left and a substance would float to the top, and can then be skimmed off, hence ‘skimmed milk’.

28
Q

Briefly Define the process of Absorption.

A

Absorption is a method used to collect gasses and liquids where a medium like paper towel absorbs the gas or liquid. The substance must permeate the medium to be considered ‘Absorption’.

Absorption–Able to be Absorbed

29
Q

Briefly Define the process of Adsorption.

A

Adsorption is a method used collect a gas or solid- where the gas or solid adhered (sticks to) to medium being used. The substance does not permeate the medium.

30
Q

What is the difference between absorption and adsorption?

A

When adsorption is used, the material being collected adheres to the solid, while it is absorbed in absorption.

31
Q

What is an example of absorption?

A

Soaking up spilled water with a paper towel.

32
Q

What is an example of adsorption?

A

Gas Masks -They adhere poisonous gasses making the air breathable-

33
Q

What is a filtrate?

A

A liquid which passes through a filter

34
Q

What is residue?

A

Residue is the substance left behind in a filter after the filtrate has passed through the filter

35
Q

What factor changes when a solid changes from a liquid, or a liquid to gas ect.

A

The amount of energy the substance has. The particles remain the same.

36
Q

What are the properties of solids?

A

Solids:

1) Are rigid (have definite shape)
2) Have definite volume
3) Have particles that vibrate around fixed axes

37
Q

What are the properties of liquids?

A

Liquids:

1) Have no definite shape (take the shape of a container)
2) Have definite volume
3) Particles are free to move around but they are still attracted to each other

38
Q

What are the properties of gasses?

A

Gasses:

1) Have no definite shape (take the shape of a container)
2) Have no definite volume
3) Particles move in random motion with little to no attraction to each other
4) They are highly compressible

39
Q

How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?

A

A rise in temperature causes the particles to move water and then gain kinetic energy.

40
Q

Why does the temperature of water stop rising at 100 degrees?

A

Water will only boil to 100 degrees- it will only begin to get hotter once it has completely evaporated. This is because once water reaches its boiling point extra energy is used to change the matter from different states not to get hotter.

41
Q

Define Melting.

A

Melting is a change of state where solid melts - with a decrease of temperature - to a liquid.

42
Q

Define Evaporation.

A

Evaporation is a change of state where a liquid heats - increase of temperature - to a gas.

43
Q

Define Condensing.

A

Condensing is a change of state where a gas is cooled - decrease of temperature - to a liquid.

44
Q

Define Solidification.

A

Solidification is a change of state where a liquid is frozen - decrease of temperature - to a solid.

45
Q

Define Deposition

A

The process where a gas changes to a solid freezing - decrease of temperature - skipping the liquid phase.

46
Q

Define Sublimation.

A

The process where a solid changes to a gas - increase in temperature - skipping the liquid phase.

47
Q

How is a physical change different to a chemical?

A

Physical changes can be measured without changing the actual substance. Chemical changes can only be measured or observed when changing the chemical compound.

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