7 - B/T Lymphocyte Receptors and Diversity - Partridge Flashcards
Draw a diagram of the B cell receptor, highlighting the main structure and additional proteins that are associated
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How many aa are present at the C terminal end of the BCR and how many residues are exposed on the cytoplasmic side?
approx 26 residues at the C terminus. these span the membrane as well as 3 aa being exposed in the cytoplasm
What are the main Ig classes that are found on the surface of B cells and can these be expressed together?
IgM and IgD are the main classes on B cells. although most Ig type can be expressed on surface and act as a B cell receptor
How does the B cell receptor generate a signal?
the cytoplasmic domains (because theyre so short) are not enough to generate a signal. need to associate e/ Iga and IgB. their cytoplasmic domains are longer and have an ITAM section (immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif) allowing a signal to be generated once the BCR binds to antigen
Briefly describe T lymphocyte receptor and what subsets of T cells they exist on
only expressed on cell surfaces and cannot exist as soluble proteins. same TCR structure exists on both T cytotoxic cells (CD8+ve) and T helper cells (CD4+ve)
Generally outline the functions of CD8/4+VE T cells
CD8+ve;
specifically kills infected host cells
CD4+ve;
augment immune responses
Describe the TCR extracellular domains in relation to immunoglobulins
V and C region of the TCR are homologous to the V and C region of immunoglobulin domains. each V region contains 3 HVRs
There is an alternative subset of T cells that express a different receptor. what is this receptor made up of? does this receptor show the same diversity as the aB receptor?
- where does this alternative subset exist?
gamma theta V and C domains. (1-5%)
less diverse compared to aB
- found in mucosal surfaces
What type of infections do B cells provide immunity against?
extracellular pathogen
eg fungi, parasites, extracellular bacterial
What does it mean when stated that B cells bind free and native antigen
free - free bacterium/soluble protein/carbohydrate
native - has not been processed/modified in anyway
What type of infections do T cells provide immunity against?
defence against intracellular pathogens.
How do T cells recognise intracellular antigens?
infected cells have the pathogenic protein within them. broken down -> peptide. processed, associates w/ MHC and taken to surface where recognised by specific T cell.
overall; T cells recognise cell associated, processed antigens
What region of the V regions of the a B subunits are the most variable?
CDR3 region has been shown to be the most variable
What do the CDR1/2/3 regions of the TCR bind to?
CDR3 -> foreign peptide. CDR1/2 -> self-MHC
Draw the full complex of the TCR, including any bonds, associations with other proteins
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