7. Auditory Pathways (Keim)

Question 1

What causes auditory agnosia?

Answer 1

Damage to the primary auditory cortex.

Question 2

What artery supplies the medial geniculate colliculus?

Answer 2

The thalamogeniculate arteries supply the medial geniculate colliculus.

Question 3

Wernicke’s area is made of what three regions?

Answer 3

Superior Temporal Gyrus

Supramarginal Gyrus

Angular Gyrus

Question 4

What regions make up Broca’s area?

Answer 4

Pars opicularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus.

Question 5

What region is associated with classification of sounds?

Answer 5

Auditory association cortex

Question 6

Where does auditory comprehension occur?

Answer 6

Wernicke’s area

Question 7

What is the function of the lateral temporal cortex?

Answer 7

Semantic knowledge and word recognition (definitions).

Question 8

What nuclei do the descending fibers from the cochlea enter as they pierce the pontomedullary juction?

Answer 8

The posterior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus.

AND

The dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Question 9

What region of the brain is essential for the repitition of words?

Answer 9

The arcuate fibers

Question 10

Where is the lesion in transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 10

In the watershed area between the MCA and PCA

Question 11

What artery supplies the superior olivary complex?

Answer 11

The short circumferential branches of the basilar artery.

Question 12

Where are the dorsal acoustic stria located?

Answer 12

In the pons.

Question 13

What artery is often occluded in global aphasia?

Answer 13

Middle cerebral artery

Question 14

What artery supplies the inferior colliculus?

Answer 14

The superior cerebellar A and quadrigeminal A supply the inferior colliculus.

Question 15

What artery supplies the inner ear and cochlear nuclei?

Answer 15

The labyrinthine artery.

Question 16

What artery supplies the auditory nuclei of the pons and medulla.

Answer 16

The basilar artery supplies the auditory nuclei of the pons and medulla.

Question 17

What links Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area together?

Answer 17

Arcuate fibers

Question 18

Where is the lesion in transcortical motor aphasia?

Answer 18

Watershed area between ACA and MCA.

Question 19

Where is the location of the lesion in conduction aphasia?

Answer 19

The supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus.

(part of Wernicke’s and the link to Broca’s, but not Broca’s.)

Question 20

What are the functions of the analogues for Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas?

Answer 20

Wernicke’s area: interpreting nonverbal signs from other people

Broca’s area: Instructions for producing non verbal communication.

Question 21

What famous area is important in word retrieval?

Answer 21

Wernicke’s area

Question 22

What nuclei do the ascending fibers from the cochlear nerve enter as they pierce the pontomedullary junction?

Answer 22

Anterior subdivision of the ventral cochlear nucleus

AND

Ventral cochlear nucleus.

Question 23

What region is responsible for auditory discrimination?

Answer 23

The primary auditory cortex.

Question 24

Broca’s Aphasia

Fluency:

Grammer:

Comprehension:

Naming:

Repetition:

Lesion:

Answer 24

F: nonfluent

G: impaired

C: impaired for complex sentences

N: Preserved

R: impaired for complex sentences

L: left inferior frontal gyrus

Question 25

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Fluency:

Grammer:

Comprehension:

Naming:

Repetition:

Lesion:

Answer 25

F: fluent

G: may be normal

C: impaired for single words

N: impaired

R: impaired

L: left superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal, middle temporal

Question 26

Conduction Aphasia

Fluency:

Grammer:

Comprehension:

Naming:

Repetition:

Lesion:

Answer 26

F: Fluent

G: preserved

C: normal

N: preserved

R: impaired

L: arcuate fasciculus

Question 27

Transcortical Motor Aphasia:

Fluency:

Grammer:

Comprehension:

Naming:

Repeition:

Lesion:

Answer 27

F: nonfluent

G: preserved

C: Normal

N: preserved

R: preserved

L: ACA/MCA watershed

Question 28

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Fluency:

Grammer:

Comprehension:

Naming:

Repetition:

Lesion:

Answer 28

F: Fluent

G: Preserved

C: Impaired

N: Impaired

R: Preserved

L: MCA/PCA watershed

Question 29

What causes conduction deafness?

Answer 29

obtructed TM or ossicles by wax, ruptured TM, fixated ossicles, etc.

Question 30

What causes sensorineural deafness?

Answer 30

damage to cochlea, cochlear part of CN VIII, cochlear nuclei, hair cell death, etc. IPSILATERAL deficit

Question 31

What happens if there is damage to the central auditory pathway?

Answer 31

No deafness, may have trouble localizing sound.

Due to multiple sites of decussation