7: Anatomy - consequences of chronic cough Flashcards
What is a pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural cavity
What is the pleural cavity?
Space between the visceral and parietal pleura
What can rupture to produce a pneumothorax?
Penetrating injury to parietal pleura
Rupture of visceral pleura
What is a small pneumothorax?
A small amount of air in the pleural cavity
< 2cm gap between lung and parietal pleura
What is a large pneumothorax?
Large amount of air in the pleural cavity
> 2cm gap between parietal pleura and lung
What would you seen on the CXR of someone with a pneumothorax?
Absent lung markings peripherally
Lung outline
What is a tension pneumothorax?
One-way valve between pleural cavity and visceral pleura
Air enters on each inspiration and can’t escape again
Causes lung collapse and mediastinal shift
At what vertebral level is the border between the superior mediastinum and the heart?
T4
This is also the level of the sternal angle, i.e Rib 2.
What are some consequences of mediastinal shift caused by a tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation AWAY from pneumothorax
IVC compression - hypotension
What is a potential consequence of chronic coughing seen in several areas around the body?
Herniae
What is a hernia?
Pushing of an organ through a weak muscle wall into a cavity it shouldn’t be in
What passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10?
Oesophagus
Through which hole in the diaphragm do herniae commonly occur?
Oesophageal hiatus
(hiatus hernia)
What are the two types of hiatus hernia?
Paraoesophageal (pouch of stomach comes up)
Sliding (whole stomach slides on thru)
inguinal herniae stuff
