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psych ch.7 > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

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0
Q

Periodic physiological flucuations

A

Biological rhythms

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1
Q

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

the biological clock, regular bodily rhythms (for ex. of temp. and wakefullness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

A

Circadian rhythm

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3
Q

non rapid eye movement, are brief, less emotional and don’t contain impressions

A

Non-REM sleep

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4
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems stay active

A

REM Sleep

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5
Q

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A

Alpha waves

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6
Q

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation (adapted from Dement)

A

Sleep

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7
Q

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

Hallucinations

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8
Q

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

Delta Waves

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9
Q

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

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10
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A

Narcolepsy

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11
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A

Sleep Apnea

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12
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified, unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

A

Night terrors

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13
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagry, discontinuties, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the context and later difficulties remembering it

A

Dream

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14
Q

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

A

Manifest content

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15
Q

According to Freud, the underlaying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream’s latent content functions as a safety valve

A

Latent Content

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16
Q

researchers believe this that dreams may help sift, sort, and fix the day’s experiences in our memory. REM sleep facilitates memory

A

Informational Processing

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17
Q

regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways,

A

Physiological Function

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18
Q

REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke random visual memoriies, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

A

Activation-synthesis

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19
Q

dream content reflects dreamers cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding

A

Cognitive thoery

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20
Q

Dreams provide a “psychic safety valve”-expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings: contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content- a hidden meaning

A

Freud’s Wish Fulfillment

21
Q

dreams as part of brain maturation and cognitive development

A

Cognitive development

22
Q

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM cycle)

A

REM Rebound

23
Q

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

A

Hypnosis

24
Q

started the modern era of hypnosis

A

Anton Mesmer

25
Q

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis sessin, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized, used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

Posthypnotic suggestion

26
Q

The subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the odor

A

Social Influence Theory

27
Q

pioneered hypnotism, distinguished himself through his studies of the role of hypnosis in human behavior and response.

A

Ernest Hilgard

28
Q

a split consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A

Dissociation (divided-consciousness thoery)

29
Q

he discovered hypnosis as a social-cognitive theory and that hypnosis is a special state of consciousness.

A

Theodore Barber

30
Q

Freud, hypnosis that brings the patient back to an event when they were younger

A

Age Regression

31
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

Psychoactive Drug

32
Q

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

A

Tolerance

33
Q

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

A

Withdrawal

34
Q

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

A

Physical Dependence

35
Q

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

A

Psychological Dependence

36
Q

compulsive drug craving and use

A

Addiction

37
Q

drugs, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates, that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

38
Q

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

A

Barbiturates

39
Q

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

40
Q

drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulants

41
Q

drugs that stimulate neural activiy, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

Amphetamines

42
Q

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes, over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

methamphetamine

43
Q

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucingen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

44
Q

psychedelic “mind-manifesting” drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

45
Q

a powerful hallucingen drug, also known as aid

A

LSD

46
Q

the major ingredient in marijuana, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

47
Q

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death, often similar to drug induced hallucinations

A

Near death experience

48
Q

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

A

Dualism

49
Q

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

A

monism

psych ch.7 (1 decks)

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