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film mod 6 7 > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

two areas of activity designed to ensure best possible diagnosis at acceptable patient radiation dose and minimum cost

A

quality assurance (QA)
quality control (QC)

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2
Q

controlled by health care organizations / agencies

A

quality assurance (QA)

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3
Q

QA program involves:

A

monitor patient scheduling
reception
preparation
answering question/queries
image interpretation

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4
Q

QA activities are principally the responsibility of?

A

radiologist and imaging service management

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5
Q

more tangible and obvious than QA

A

Quality Control (QC)

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6
Q

designed to ensure that radiologist is provided with an optimal image produced through good equipment performance and resulting in minimal patient radiation dose

A

QC

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7
Q

ensure that health care organizations are committed to providing high-quality services and care

A

QA

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8
Q

begins with the x-ray imaging systems used to produce the image and continues with the routine evaluation of image-processing facilities

A

QC

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9
Q

concludes with a dedicated analysis of each image to identify deficiencies and artifacts (along with their causes) and to minimize re-examinations

A

QC

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10
Q

Each new piece of radiologic equipment, whether it is x-ray producing or image processing, should be acceptance tested before it is applied clinically

A

QC

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11
Q

QC program consists of 3 steps

A

acceptance testing
routine performance monitoring
maintenance

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12
Q

QC are principally the responsibility of?

A

medical physicist

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13
Q

general purpose radiographic units have a minimum total filtration of?

A

2.5 mm Al

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14
Q

xray field must coincide with the light field of the variable-aperture light-localizing collimator

A

collimation

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15
Q

these devices are automatic collimators that sense the size of the image receptor and adjust the the collimating shutters to that size

A

positive beam-limiting (PBL) collimators

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16
Q

spatial resolution of a radiographic imaging system is determined by?

A

focal-spot size

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17
Q

measured when new equipment or a replacement xray tube is installed

A

focal-spot size

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18
Q

3 tools used for focal-spot size measurement:

A

pinhole camera
star pattern
slit camera

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19
Q

difficult to use and requires excessive exposure time

A

pinhole camera

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20
Q

easy to use but has significant limitations for focal-spot sizes less than 0.3 mm

A

star pattern

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21
Q

standard for measurement of effective focal-spot size

A

slit camera

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22
Q

used for quality control of clinical X-ray machine

A

kilovolt peak calibration

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23
Q

measure exposure time on the basis of?

A

irradiation time of an ion chamber or photodiode assembly

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24
Q

assessed annually or more frequently if a component of the operating console or the high voltage generator has undergone major repairs

A

exposure timer accuracy

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25
Q

acceptable percentage of accuracy for exposure times of 10mc or less

A

20%

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26
Q

ability of a radiographic unit to produce a constant radiation output for various combinations of mA and exposure time

A

exposure linearity

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27
Q

determined by a precision radiation dosimeter that measures radiation intensity at various combinations of mA and exposure time

A

exposure linearity

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28
Q

Exposure linearity must be within ___ for adjacent mA stations

A

10%

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29
Q

ability of an exposure system to duplicate an exposure, time after time

A

exposure reproducibility

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30
Q

2 methods to evaluate exposure reproducibility

A

-make a series of at least 3 exposures at the same technique factors
-select a combination of technique factors and hold them constant for a series of 10 exposures

31
Q

output radiation intensity should not vary by more than ___

A

±5%

32
Q

require periodic attention to minimize the appearance of artifacts

A

intensifying screens

33
Q

screens should be cleaned with?

A

soft, lint-free cloth and cleaning solution

34
Q

frequency of cleaning

A

depends on the workload, should not occur less often than every other month

35
Q

Screen-film contact should be evaluated ___

A

once or twice a year

36
Q

evaluating screen-film is done by?

A

radiographing a wire mesh pattern and analyzing the image for areas of blur

37
Q

if blur appear in screen film?

A

replace felt or foam pressure pad under screen

38
Q

protective apparel

A

aprons, gloves, gonadal shields

39
Q

this should be analyzed photometrically on an annual basis

A

viewbox illumination

40
Q

instrument use to analyze viewbox illumination which measures light intensity at several areas of illuminator

A

photometer

41
Q

Intensity should be at least ___

A

1500 cd/m2

42
Q

should not vary by more than ___ over the surface of the illuminator

A

±10%

43
Q

designed to ensure that the characteristics evaluated remain constant

A

QC measurements

44
Q

should be measured for the most frequent types of tomographic examination

A

patient radiation dose

45
Q

Agreement between the indicated section level and the measured level should be within ___

A

±5 mm

46
Q

With incrementing from one tomographic section to the next, the section level should be accurate to within ___

A

±2 mm

47
Q

Constancy of ___ mm from one QC evaluation to the next should be achieved

A

±1

48
Q

evaluated by imaging a hole in a lead sheet

A

section uniformity

49
Q

QC program applied to automatic processing involves:

A

periodic cleaning
system maintenance
daily monitoring

50
Q

first automatic processor had a dry-to-drop time of?

A

7 minutes

51
Q

automatic processor that was shortened to 3 minutes

A

double-capacity processors

52
Q

today’s popular processor

A

90 second processor

53
Q

90 second processor can handle up to?

A

500 films per hour

54
Q

wash water temperature should be?

A

31°C (87°F)

55
Q

high development temperature

A

35°C (95°F)

56
Q

One removes the transport and crossover racks and cleans them and the processing tanks with appropriate fluids

A

processor cleaning

57
Q

If equipment is not properly maintained, the processor may fail when least expected or when the workload is heaviest

A

processor maintenance

58
Q

3 types of maintenance program

A

scheduled maintenance
preventive maintenance
non-scheduled maintenance

59
Q

routine procedures that are performed usually weekly or monthly

A

Scheduled maintenance

60
Q

a planned program of parts replacement at regular intervals

A

Preventive maintenance

61
Q

worst kind of program

A

Non-scheduled maintenance

62
Q

a failure in the system that necessitates processor repair

A

non-scheduled maintenance

63
Q

Includes observation of all moving parts for wear; adjustment of all belts, pulleys, and gears; and application of proper lubrication to minimize wear

A

scheduled maintenance

64
Q

requires that a part be replaced before it fails. such a program should avoid unexpected downtime

A

preventive maintenance

65
Q

a proper program of scheduled maintenance and preventive maintenance keeps non-scheduled maintenance to a minimum

A

non-scheduled maintenance

66
Q

at least once per day, processor operation should be observed and certain measurements recorded

A

processor monitoring

67
Q

for the most accurate results, this monitoring should occur at the same time every day

A

processor monitoring

68
Q

temperature of the developer and wash water should be noted

A

processor monitoring

69
Q

developer and fixer replenishment rates should be observed and recorded

A

processor monitoring

70
Q

written record of the results of such a program is important

A

processor monitoring

71
Q

should be passed through the processor, and fog, speed, and contrast then should be measured and recorded appropriately

A

sensitometric strip

72
Q

Residual hypo should be determined

A

processor monitoring

73
Q

replenishment tanks should be checked to determine whether the floating lids are properly positioned and whether fresh chemistry is needed

A

processor monitoring

74
Q

often appropriate to check the pH and specific gravity of developer and fixer solutions

A

processor monitoring

film mod 6 7 (2 decks)

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