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film mod 6 7 > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

two areas of activity designed to ensure best possible diagnosis at acceptable patient radiation dose and minimum cost

A

quality assurance (QA)
quality control (QC)

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2
Q

controlled by health care organizations / agencies

A

quality assurance (QA)

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3
Q

QA program involves:

A

monitor patient scheduling
reception
preparation
answering question/queries
image interpretation

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4
Q

QA activities are principally the responsibility of?

A

radiologist and imaging service management

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5
Q

more tangible and obvious than QA

A

Quality Control (QC)

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6
Q

designed to ensure that radiologist is provided with an optimal image produced through good equipment performance and resulting in minimal patient radiation dose

A

QC

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7
Q

ensure that health care organizations are committed to providing high-quality services and care

A

QA

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8
Q

begins with the x-ray imaging systems used to produce the image and continues with the routine evaluation of image-processing facilities

A

QC

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9
Q

concludes with a dedicated analysis of each image to identify deficiencies and artifacts (along with their causes) and to minimize re-examinations

A

QC

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10
Q

Each new piece of radiologic equipment, whether it is x-ray producing or image processing, should be acceptance tested before it is applied clinically

A

QC

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11
Q

QC program consists of 3 steps

A

acceptance testing
routine performance monitoring
maintenance

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12
Q

QC are principally the responsibility of?

A

medical physicist

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13
Q

general purpose radiographic units have a minimum total filtration of?

A

2.5 mm Al

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14
Q

xray field must coincide with the light field of the variable-aperture light-localizing collimator

A

collimation

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15
Q

these devices are automatic collimators that sense the size of the image receptor and adjust the the collimating shutters to that size

A

positive beam-limiting (PBL) collimators

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16
Q

spatial resolution of a radiographic imaging system is determined by?

A

focal-spot size

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17
Q

measured when new equipment or a replacement xray tube is installed

A

focal-spot size

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18
Q

3 tools used for focal-spot size measurement:

A

pinhole camera
star pattern
slit camera

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19
Q

difficult to use and requires excessive exposure time

A

pinhole camera

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20
Q

easy to use but has significant limitations for focal-spot sizes less than 0.3 mm

A

star pattern

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21
Q

standard for measurement of effective focal-spot size

A

slit camera

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22
Q

used for quality control of clinical X-ray machine

A

kilovolt peak calibration

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23
Q

measure exposure time on the basis of?

A

irradiation time of an ion chamber or photodiode assembly

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24
Q

assessed annually or more frequently if a component of the operating console or the high voltage generator has undergone major repairs

A

exposure timer accuracy

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25
acceptable percentage of accuracy for exposure times of 10mc or less
20%
26
ability of a radiographic unit to produce a constant radiation output for various combinations of mA and exposure time
exposure linearity
27
determined by a precision radiation dosimeter that measures radiation intensity at various combinations of mA and exposure time
exposure linearity
28
Exposure linearity must be within ___ for adjacent mA stations
10%
29
ability of an exposure system to duplicate an exposure, time after time
exposure reproducibility
30
2 methods to evaluate exposure reproducibility
-make a series of at least 3 exposures at the same technique factors -select a combination of technique factors and hold them constant for a series of 10 exposures
31
output radiation intensity should not vary by more than ___
±5%
32
require periodic attention to minimize the appearance of artifacts
intensifying screens
33
screens should be cleaned with?
soft, lint-free cloth and cleaning solution
34
frequency of cleaning
depends on the workload, should not occur less often than every other month
35
Screen-film contact should be evaluated ___
once or twice a year
36
evaluating screen-film is done by?
radiographing a wire mesh pattern and analyzing the image for areas of blur
37
if blur appear in screen film?
replace felt or foam pressure pad under screen
38
protective apparel
aprons, gloves, gonadal shields
39
this should be analyzed photometrically on an annual basis
viewbox illumination
40
instrument use to analyze viewbox illumination which measures light intensity at several areas of illuminator
photometer
41
Intensity should be at least ___
1500 cd/m2
42
should not vary by more than ___ over the surface of the illuminator
±10%
43
designed to ensure that the characteristics evaluated remain constant
QC measurements
44
should be measured for the most frequent types of tomographic examination
patient radiation dose
45
Agreement between the indicated section level and the measured level should be within ___
±5 mm
46
With incrementing from one tomographic section to the next, the section level should be accurate to within ___
±2 mm
47
Constancy of ___ mm from one QC evaluation to the next should be achieved
±1
48
evaluated by imaging a hole in a lead sheet
section uniformity
49
QC program applied to automatic processing involves:
periodic cleaning system maintenance daily monitoring
50
first automatic processor had a dry-to-drop time of?
7 minutes
51
automatic processor that was shortened to 3 minutes
double-capacity processors
52
today's popular processor
90 second processor
53
90 second processor can handle up to?
500 films per hour
54
wash water temperature should be?
31°C (87°F)
55
high development temperature
35°C (95°F)
56
One removes the transport and crossover racks and cleans them and the processing tanks with appropriate fluids
processor cleaning
57
If equipment is not properly maintained, the processor may fail when least expected or when the workload is heaviest
processor maintenance
58
3 types of maintenance program
scheduled maintenance preventive maintenance non-scheduled maintenance
59
routine procedures that are performed usually weekly or monthly
Scheduled maintenance
60
a planned program of parts replacement at regular intervals
Preventive maintenance
61
worst kind of program
Non-scheduled maintenance
62
a failure in the system that necessitates processor repair
non-scheduled maintenance
63
Includes observation of all moving parts for wear; adjustment of all belts, pulleys, and gears; and application of proper lubrication to minimize wear
scheduled maintenance
64
requires that a part be replaced before it fails. such a program should avoid unexpected downtime
preventive maintenance
65
a proper program of scheduled maintenance and preventive maintenance keeps non-scheduled maintenance to a minimum
non-scheduled maintenance
66
at least once per day, processor operation should be observed and certain measurements recorded
processor monitoring
67
for the most accurate results, this monitoring should occur at the same time every day
processor monitoring
68
temperature of the developer and wash water should be noted
processor monitoring
69
developer and fixer replenishment rates should be observed and recorded
processor monitoring
70
written record of the results of such a program is important
processor monitoring
71
should be passed through the processor, and fog, speed, and contrast then should be measured and recorded appropriately
sensitometric strip
72
Residual hypo should be determined
processor monitoring
73
replenishment tanks should be checked to determine whether the floating lids are properly positioned and whether fresh chemistry is needed
processor monitoring
74
often appropriate to check the pH and specific gravity of developer and fixer solutions
processor monitoring

film mod 6 7 (2 decks)

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