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Organogenesis > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

from mesoderm or ectoderm proliferate and
aggregate;

A

Mesenchymeal (chondrogenic) cells

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2
Q

become round and enlarged and are now termed

A

Chondroblasts

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3
Q

secrete amorphous ground substance

A

Chondroblasts

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4
Q

to form the cartilage matreix

A

collagen
fibers

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5
Q

Originates from paraxial mesoderm, somatic mesoderm or ectomesenchyme

A

Bone

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6
Q

occurs in most bones of the axial skeleton and
appendicular skeleton.

A

Endochondral bone development

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7
Q

Cartilage model

A

ossification

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8
Q

chondroblasts secrete matrix to produce a cartilage model of the
future bone; the model is surrounded by

A

perichondrium

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9
Q

Addition of layers of bone matrix reduces the intertrabecular spaces and the cancellous
bone in the diaphysis is converted into a

A

Compact bone

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10
Q

creating
a smooth surface lubricated by

A

synovial fluid in the joint cavity

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11
Q

Osteoblasts also secrete calcium to the osteoid to
form

A

bone trabecula

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12
Q

me non-secretory and are now termed osteocytes.
Osteocytes present cytoplasmic processes that radiate into the matrix through tiny bone
channels called

A

Canaliculi

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13
Q

A bone with large intertrabecular spaces is classified as

A

cancellous or spongy bone

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14
Q

The intertrabecular spaces are occupied by blood-forming cells
(red bone marrow) and are also called

A

marrow spaces or marrow cavities

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15
Q

Joints must move during in utero and postnatal
development to prevent

A

ankylosis

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16
Q

Sclerotomal mesenchymal cells lateral to the thoracic vertebrae differentiates into

A

cartilaginous ribs

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17
Q

which are eventually destroyed and replaced by

A

bony ribs ( cancellous bone)

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18
Q

The sternum develops differently, from 2 longitudinal aggregations of somatic
mesaenchyme (somatic mesoderm) called

A

sternal bars

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19
Q

. The two (2) sterna bars fuse in the
ventral midline and become segmented to form

A

eight (8) sternebrae

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20
Q

lateral deviation of vertebral column

A

Scoliosis

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21
Q

sagittal deviation of vertebral column in a fixed position

A

Kyphosis

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22
Q

sagittal deviation of vertebral column in a fixed extended position.

A

Lordosis

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23
Q

abnormal twisting of the cervical vertebral column

A

Torticolis or wry neck

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24
Q

absence of vertebral arch

A

Spina bifida

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25
Q

spina bifida of several adjacent vertebrae.

A

Rachischisis

26
Q

spina bifida covered by skin and subcutis.

A

Spina bifida occulta

27
Q

The cartilaginous structures fuse and ossify to form the bones of the

A

floor of the skull.

28
Q

does not ossify

A

Nasal capsule

29
Q

ethmoid and bone around the pituitary gland

A

Prechordal cartilage

30
Q

base of occipital

A

Parachordal cartilage

31
Q

temporal bone

A

Otic capsule

32
Q

Intramembranous bones articulate by means of fibrous joints called

A

Sutures

33
Q

Widened
suture areas, at the corners of growing bones are called

A

Fontanels

34
Q

develops from outward growth of ectomesenchymal tissue located rostral to the
cranium and pharynx.

A

Face

35
Q

Ectomesenchymal cells around prosencephalon completely envelop the
prosencephalon to form the

A

frontonasal prominence

36
Q

located between VC1 and VC2, becomes the external
auditory meatus.

A

VC1 or hyomandibular cleft

37
Q

are overshadowed by the expanding hyoid arch and fuse to form a cervical
sinus that later disappears w/out a trace.

A

VC2 to VC4

38
Q

cleft lip caused by failure of fusion of medial nasal and maxillary
processes.

A

Cheiloschisis

39
Q

cleft palate caused by failure of medial palatine processes to fuse

A

Palatoschisis

40
Q

no opening

A

Branchial cyst

41
Q

opening to exterior

A

branchial sinus

42
Q

Openings to interior and exterior

A

branchial fistula

43
Q

Primordia of enamel organs
escape to the exterior and develop tooth structures anchored on the parietal bone or
base of the ear.

A

Heterotropic polyodontia

44
Q

loss of a specific part of a limb

A

Limb reduction

45
Q

presence of one or more extra digits.

A

Limb Duplication

46
Q

inherited; systemic premature
ossification of physes of extremeties.

A

Achondroplasia (dwarfism; Dachshund)

47
Q

complete absence of a limb.

A

Amelia

48
Q

absence of a part of a limb.

A

Meroromelia

49
Q

complete absence of limb.

A

Acromelia

50
Q

Absence of half or one or more segments of a limb

A

Hemimelia

51
Q

reduced size of a limb.

A

Micromelia

52
Q

absence of one or more proximal segments, a consequence of
pregnant women taking thalidomide in the late 1950’s.

A

Phocomelia

53
Q

fused digits

A

Syndactyly

54
Q

shortened or stumpy digits.

A

Brachydactyly

55
Q

absence of one or more digits.

A

Ectrodactyly

56
Q

presence of one or more extra digits. This is common in pig and cat.

A

Limb Duplication

57
Q

one or more extra digits

A

Polydactyly

58
Q

partial or complete duplication of one limb

A

Bimelia

59
Q

limb growing from the back of the animal

A

Notomelia (noto=back)

60
Q

crooked limb. Gr. gryposis=crooked) - can results from
malformed joints, denervation, abnormal muscle tension, or impaired
mobility in utero.

A

Arthrogryposis

61
Q

abnormal maturation of the hip joint that results in formation
of a shadow acetabulum and flattened femoral head.

A

Hip Dysplasia

62
Q

permanent fixation of a joint caused by immobility of the fetus in
utero.

A

Ankylosis

Organogenesis (4 decks)

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