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Biology Final Exam > 7-10 > Flashcards

7-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of cell division

A

meiosis and mitosis

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

body cells
creates copies of original cell
2 diploid cells

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3
Q

Meiosis

A

sex cells
creates variation
4 haploid cells

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4
Q

Mendel’s blending inheritance

A

traits from the parents are “blended” together in the offspring

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5
Q

Mendel’s particulate inheritance

A

traits show in the offspring from both parents

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5
Q

Punnet square

A

used to show the genotypes of offspring after crossing 2 organisms together

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6
Q

Structure of nucleotides

A

phosphate group
a sugar
nitrogen-containing base

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7
Q

Antiparallel

A

strands move opposite directions

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8
Q

Complementary

A

a strand that matches with another strand (replication)

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9
Q

Helicase

A

the enzyme that unzips the dna for replication

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10
Q

DNA polymerase

A

forms the new copies of dna

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11
Q

Leading strand

A

strand that is moving into the replication fork

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12
Q

Lagging strand

A

strand that is moving away from the replication fork

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13
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

short fragments of dna that are added to the lagging strand

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14
Q

DNA ligase

A

joining the new nucleotides to the complementary base

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15
Q

Transcription

A

turning dna into rna
in nucleus

16
Q

Translation

A

turning rna into proteins
cytoplasm

17
Q

Mutation

A

a change in genetic code

18
Q

Germline mutation

A

a change in a sex cell that is passed onto offspring

19
Q

Somatic mutation

A

a change in a body cell

20
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

enzymes that can cut dna

21
Q

Gene cloning

A

a gene is copied and extracted from an organism

22
Q

DNA fingerprinting

A

examining a person’s unique sequence of dna base pairs

23
Q

Recombiant/transgenic dna

A

can be made by combining dna from 2 different organisms

24
Q

Farming with pH

A

altering a crop to get a new variation

25
Q

Plasmid

A

in dna
circle shape
extrachromosomal
replicate on their own

26
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

bacteria that can cause disease

27
Q

How can bacteria become resistant to treatment

A

lateral …
mutations
antibodies

28
Q

Virus structure

A

dna or rna
1 or 2 stranded
capsid (protein code surrounding)
can be disease causing
vary in their genetic information

29
Q

4 things required for mitotic division

A

signal
replicate its dna
segregate
cytokinesis

30
Q

Test cross

A

crossing a homozygous recessive to figure out the other organism’s genotype

Biology Final Exam (3 decks)

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