Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 2 > 7-1 > Flashcards

7-1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the child institute

A

Hassenfeld institute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 sources of lead in environ

A

paint; gasoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two phyio outcomes of lead poisoning (blood and intelligence)

A

1) mild anemia 2) low levels = decreases IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the level of lead that is a CONCERN (anything above what #)

A

anything above 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what explains the lead disparities (the two that he studied)

A

1) income 2) old housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the categories used to determine who should get helped

A

1) lead poisoning burden 2) old housing 3) poverty 4) young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in lymphocyte recirculation, lymphocytes continually migrate from “” to “”

A

one peripheral lymphoid tissue to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

read: lymphocyte recirculation provides surveillance and defense

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in the BONE MARROW, lymphoid stem cells become “” and “” and then B (steps of becoming B)

A

1 pro B

2 pre B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list out the three secondary lymphoid organs

A

1 lymph node
2 spleen
3 MALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the signals that APCs have to give so that naive T cells are activated

A

1 engagement of TCR by foreign-peptide : self-MHC complex
2 co stimulatory signal
3 cytokine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the first signal alone does what

this state of unresponsiveness is called

A

turns the T cell OFF

anergy/tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mature dendritic cells express high levels of what two things

A 
MHC class 2 
B7 co-stimulator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

immunological synapse def

A

point of contact bt APC and TCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which T cells DO NOT need co stimulation to be active

A

effector T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

perforins puncture cell membrane and what enzymes enter the holes

then what do they do (enzyme functions)

A

granulysin and granzyme

  • sin: induces apoptosis
  • zyme: protease that kills
17
Q

death receptor is called

A

Fas

18
Q

cross presentation allows dendritic cells to present peptides from extracellular antigens on class # MHC

A

1

19
Q

naive cells circulate where

effector T cells recirculate where

A
  • naive: in secondary lymphoid

- effector: anywhere

20
Q

Which C molecule acts as an opsonin indicator?

A

C3b

21
Q

“ALT

what is the umbrella term

what are the two subsets of MALT

A

MALT (mucosa)

BALT (bronchus)
GALT (gut)

22
Q

what’s the clinical significance of linked recognition

just read for now

A
  • let’s say that B cell binds polysaccharide epitope of a bacteria (this PS is linked on its other end to microbe remnants)
  • this antigen is processed and presented to T cells
  • The activated B cell produces Ab against the polysaccharide antigens
23
Q

where does class switching occur

A

in germinal centers

24
Q

somatic hypermutation alters what

where does it occur

what is the SELECTION of Ab with higher affinity to antigen CALLED

A

alters antigen binding affinity

in germinal center

called affinity maturation

25
Q

somatic hypermutation is introduced by enzyme called

A

AID (cytidine deaminase)

26
Q

purpose of follicular dendritic cell

A

FDC display antigen to B cells

27
Q

B cells during affinity maturation are tested for what two things

A
  • ability to present antigen to helper T cells

- ability to bind to antigen displayed on FDC (follicular dendritic cells)

28
Q

do B cells migrate to germinal center (before/after) B cell activation

A

after

29
Q

secondary exposure to antigen means memory cells respond - this response is
(slower/faster)
(greater/lesser)

A

faster

greater

30
Q

(immature/mature) B cells express IgM and IgD on their surface

A

MATURE

31
Q

which rearrangement comes first (heavy or light) of the B cell

A

heavy comes first

32
Q

define stenosis

A

narrowing of aorta at aortic valve

Block 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions