Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > 6th Year Exam > Flashcards

6th Year Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics in mononucleosis

A

Amoxicillin can cause rash

Cephalosporin will not give rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

10 poisons in childhood

A

1) acetaminophen
2) salicylate
3) oral hypoglycemics
4) anticholinergics
5) organophosphates
6) caustic ingestion (acid/alkali)
7) opioids
8) acute iron poisoning
9) lead poisoning
10) ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of AD inheritance

A

Achondroplasia, Ehler-Danlos, Marfan, MEN syndromes, NF1 and2, osteogenesis imperfecta, vWf deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of AR inheritance

A

AR polycystic kidney diseases, CF, galactosemia, hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, maple syrup urine disease, phenylketonuria, some primary immunodeficiencies,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of XR inheritance

A

G6PD deficiency, Bruton agammaglobulinemia, Hemophilia A and B, Duchenne and Becker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of XD inheritance

A

Fragile X syndrome, Alport syndrome, x-linked hypophosphatemic rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Short stature calculation

A

Mid-parental height = (fathers height + mothers +/- 13cm)/2

+boys/-girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Quick about changes in circulation at birth

A

Dec. pulmonary resistance -> inc pressure L atrium -> Foramen ovale close -> inc O2 from resp and dec in PGs from placental separation -> closure of ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synonym for congenital hypoplastic anemia

A

Diamond blackfan anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viruses connected to aplastic anemia

A

Parvovirus B19, HIV, hepatitis, EBV, CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary amenorrhea - ovarian issues

A
  • Turner syndrome (streak gonads)
  • Aromatase def. (lack hormone to convert androgen to estrogen)
  • Chemo/radiation (ovarian failure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary amenorrhea - hypothalamus/pituitary issues

A
  • Kallmann syndrome (Failure of GnRH-producing cells to develop, also anosmia)
  • Tumor (compression/infiltration of pituitary)
  • Malnutrition (leads to hypothalamic dysregulation, inhibits GnRH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of primary testicular failure

A

Klinefelter (XXY), cryptorchidism, mumps orchitis, injury, chemo/radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of secondary testicular failure

A

Pituitary disorders, inflammatory diseases, Kallmann syndrome, drugs, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intestinal atresia

A

Failure of a hollow viscus organ to develop appropriately. Can be stenosis, absence or rotation of a portion of the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sign duodenal atresia

A

Double bubble sign on x-ray (also seen in malrotation with volvulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sign pyloric stenosis

A

String sign (barium studies)

18
Q

Tumors of soft tissue and bone

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma

19
Q

Osteosarcoma predilection sites + signs on imaging

A

Metaphysis of long bones. Codman triangle, sunburst sign.

20
Q

Ewing sarcoma predilection sites + signs on x-ray

A

Flat bones of axial skeleton (+diaphysis of long bones). Onion skin appearance

21
Q

Benign bone tumors

A

Osteochondroma (long bones), osteoma (facial bones), osteoblastoma (vertebrae)

22
Q

Diseases with fever and rash

A

Measles, Rubella, 5th disease (Parvovirus B19), 6th disease (HHV-6), Varicella zoster, scarlet fever, systemic JIA, Kawasaki

23
Q

Definition infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

A

(Previously called hyaline membrane disease). Lack of pulmonary surfactant resulting in mild to severe respiratory compromise in neonatal period.

24
Q

Examples of chromosomal abnormalities

A

Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, Edwards (18), Patau (13), Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome

25
Q

Diseases with fever w/o rash

A

Usually bacterial infection in babies <3months, usually viral in babies >3 months

26
Q

BPD definition

A

Oxygen requirement > 28 days, or at 36 weeks postmenstrual age in premature infant with characteristic radiologic, clinical and pathological findings.

27
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity

A

Retinal vessels grow into vitreous, causing retinal detachment and blindness if severe
(90% of babies <750g, 50% if 1000-1250g)

28
Q

Diseases with chronic fever (examples)

A

EBV, CMV, TB, HIV, rickettsiae, Kawasaki, JIA, SLE, malignancy

29
Q

Newborn rashes

A
  • Milia: keratin-filled cysts (face)
  • Sebaceous gland hyperplasia: due to maternal androgens (face)
  • Erythema toxicum: 2-3cm w/central tiny vesicle/pustule
  • Acne neonatorum
30
Q

How are infections spread perinatally?

A

Vertical (transplacental), ascending from vaginal canal, during delivery

31
Q

Perinatal bacterial infections

A

GBS, Listeria, E.coli, N.gonorrhea, C.trachomatis, T.pallidum

32
Q

Criteria for infective endocarditis

A

Duke:
Major: blood culture pos. for typical organisms, echo showing valvular vegetation
Minor: predisposing cardiac lesion, IV drug use, temp >38, embolic phenomena, immunologic phenomena, pos. blood culture not meeting above criteria
(Definite: 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor)

33
Q

Etiology of myocarditis

A

Usually viral (especially coxsackie B or adenovirus)

34
Q

Definition recurrent abdominal pain

A

Pain more than 1x/month for more than 3 months that interferes with daily functioning

35
Q

Red flags abdominal pain

A

Awakened by pain, ass. fever or weight loss, bloody stool, emesis

36
Q

Acquired immunodeficiencies

A

HIV/AIDS, sickle cell disease, malignancies, immunosuppression by medication, chemotherapy, malnutrition

37
Q

Disorders of amino acid metabolism

A

1) Phenylketonuria
2) Maple syrup urine disease
3) Homocysteinuria
4) Tyrosinemia

38
Q

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (causes)

A

1) Rotor and Dubin-Johnson
2) Alpha-1 antitrypsin def.
3) Niemann-Pick and Gaucher
4) Infections/systemic diseases causing cholestasis
5) Obstruction: biliary atresia, CF, masses

39
Q

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (causes)

A

1) Hemolytic anemias

2) Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar

40
Q

Causes of encephalitis

A

Bacterial: Bartonella, Borrelia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia
Viral: HSV, enteroviruses, CMV, EBV

41
Q

Congenital disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

A

1) Glycogen storage diseases
2) Galactose metabolism disorders
3) Hereditary fructose intolerance

Pediatrics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions