6th Six Weeks

Question 1

Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Answer 1

Las afueras - suburbs; outskirts
el alquiler - rent (payment)
el ama de casa - housekeeper, caretaker
el barrio - neighborhood
el edificio de apartamentos - apartment building
el/la vecino(a) - neighbor
la vivienda - housing
el balcón - balcony
la entrada - entrance
la escalera - stairs; stairway
el garaje - garage
el jardín - garden; yard
el patio - patio; yard
el sótano - basement; cellar
la cafetera - coffee maker
el electrodoméstico - electrical appliance
el horno (de microondas) - (microwave) oven
la lavadora - washing machine
la luz - light; electricity
la secadora - clothes dryer
la tostadora - toaster
el cartel - poster
la mesita de noche - night stand
los muebles - furniture
alquilar - to rent					
mudarse - to move (to a diff. house)
lavar los platos - to wash the dishes
arreglar - to neaten; to straighten up
barrer el suelo - to sweep the floor
cocinar - to cook
ensuciar - to get (something) dirty
hacer quehaceres domésticos (to do household chores)
lavar el suelo - to wash the floor
trapear - to mop
limpiar la casa - to clean the house
planchar la ropa - to iron the clothes
quitar la mesa - to clear the table
quitar el polvo - to dust
el armario - the closet
el cuadro/la pintura - the painting
hacer la cama - to do the bed
la almohada - the pillow
la lámpara - the lamp
las cortinas - the curtains
la mesita - the small table
la alfombra - the carpet
pasa la aspiradora - the vacuum cleaner
la cómoda - dresser
la sábana/manta - blanket
sacar la basura - take the trash out
el horno - the oven
el lavaplatos - dishwasher
la cocina - kitchen
la estufa - the stove
el congelador - the freezer
el refrigerador - the refrigerator 
el sillón - armchair
la pared - the wall
el estante - shelf					
despertador - alarm clock
el ascensor/ elevador - elevator
poner la mesa - set the table
la taza - cup						
la copa - glass; cup
el vaso - cup						
la cuchara - spoon
el plato- plate
el tenedor - fork
el cuchillo - knife					
la servilleta - napkin
el comedor - dining table
el plumero - duster

Question 2

Chapter 13 Vocabulary: La naturaleza

Answer 2

•El bosque (tropical): tropical rain forest
•La naturaleza: nature
•La selva, la jungla: jungle
•El cielo: sky
•La luna: moon
•El cambio climático: climate change
•La contaminación (del aire; del agua): (air; water) pollution
•La ecología: ecology
•El ecoturismo: ecotourism
•La extinción: extinction
•El medio ambiente: environment
•El recurso natural: natural resource
•El gobierno: government
•La (sobre) población: over population
•Ecologista: ecological
•Renovable: renewable
•El ave/pájaro: bird
•El árbol: tree
•La flor: flower
•El gato: cat
•El lago: lake
•El valle: valley
•El sendero: path
•El río: river
•El mono: monkey
•desierto: desert
•la planta: plant
•la tierra: land; soil
•la estrella: star
•el calentamiento global: global warming
•la conversación: conservation
•la deforestación: deforestation
•el/la ecologista: ecologist
•la energía (nuclear/soalar): nuclear/solar energy
•la fábrica: factory
•el peligro: danger
•la solución: solution
•la ley: law
•puro/a: pure
•el volcán: volcano
•el pez: fish
•la hierba: grass
•el perro: dog
•la vaca: cat
•la nube: cloud
•el sol: sun
•la piedra: rock
•la ballena: whale 
•la tortuga: turtle 
-contaminar: to pollute
-controlar: to control
-cuidar: to take care of
-descubrir: to discover
-destruir: to destroy
-estar afectadas: are affected
-mejoramiento: improvement
-proteger: to protect
-reciclar: to recycle
-recoger: to gather
-resolver: to solve
-desarrollar: to develop

Question 3

The subjunctive with verbs of emotion

Answer 3

Main clause: Maria
que
Subordinate clause: yo vaya al lago este fin de semana
When the verb in the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling, such as hope, fear, joy, pity, surprise, etc., the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause.
-Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores.: We are happy that you like the flowers.
-Temo que Ana no pueda ir con nosotros.: I’m afraid that Ana won’t be able to go with us.
-Le sorprende que Juan sea tan joven.: It surprises him that Juan is so young.
-Alegrarse (de): to be happy
-Esperar: to hope/to wish
-Sentir (e:ie): to be sorry; to regret
-Temer: to be afraid; to fear
-Es extraño: It’s strange
-Es ridículo: It’s ridicule
-Sorprender: to surprise
-Gustar: to be pleasing; to like
-Molestar: to bother
-Tener miedo (de): to be afraid (of)
-Es una lástima: It’s a shame
-Es terrible: It’s terrible
-Es triste: It’s sad
-Ojalá (que): I hope (that); I wish (that)
-Me molesta que la gente no recicle el plástico.: It bothers me that people don’t recycle.
-Es triste que tengamos problemas como el cambio climático: It’s sad that we have problems like climate change.
-Temo llegar tarde.: I’m afraid I’ll arrive late.
-Ojalá (que) se conserven nuestros recursos naturales.: I hope (that) our natural resources will be conversed.
-Ojalá (que) recojan la basura hoy.: I hope (that) they collect the garbage today.

Question 4

The subjunctive with doubt, disbelief, and denial

Answer 4

• dudar: to doubt
• No estar seguro/a: not to be true
• No es verdad: It’s not true
• (no) es probable: It’s (not) probable
• negar (i:e): to deny
• no es cierto: It’s true
• es imposible: It’s imposible
• no creer: not to believe
• no es seguro: It’s not certain
• es improbable: It’s improbable

Question 5

The subjunctive with conjunctions

Answer 5

• A menos que: unless
• Antes (de) que: before
• Sin que: without
• En caso (de) que: in case (that)
• para que: so that
• con tal (de) que: provided that

Question 6

The infinitive

Answer 6

The infinitive, not que + (subjunctive), is used after the prepositions antes de, para, and sin when there is no change of subject. While you may use a present participle with the English equivalent of these conjunctions, in Spanish you cannot
Te llamamos antes de salir de la casa.
Te llamamos mañana antes de que salgas.

Question 7

Conjunctions with subjunctive or indicative

Answer 7

Cuando: when
Hasta que: until
Tan pronto como: as soon as
Después de que: after
En cuanto: as soon as

Question 8

Past participles used as adjectives

Answer 8

The past participles of English verbs often end in -en (to turn - turned), but many are also irregular (to buy - bought; to drive - driven). In Spanish regular -ar verbs form the past participle with -ado. Regular -er and -ir verbs form the past participle with -ido. The past participles of -er and -ir verbs whose stems end in -a, -e, or -o carry a written accent mark on the i of the -ido ending. 
-Abrir: abierto
-Describir: descrito
-Escribir: escrito
-Morir: muerto
-resolver: resuelto
-ver: visto
-decir: dicho
-descubrir: descubierto
-hacer: hecho
-poner: puesto
-romper: roto
-volver: vuelto
Past participles can be used as adjectives. They are often used with estar to describe a condition or state that results from an action. Like other Spanish adjectives, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.