6th Grade Science Final Flashcards
3 Major Types of Rock
sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
Properties of Minerals
color, streak, luster, cleavage and fracture, density, hardness, special properties
What spheres are involved when a volcano erupts?
geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere (Remember: volcanoes can occur under water!)
The Layers of the Earth (from the center out)
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Where do earthquakes usually occur?
near tectonic plate boundaries
What are some examples of weathering?
rock breaks apart from temperature change; exfoliation; when animals dig burrows; when plant roots widen a crack in a rock (Remember to think of EXAMPLES, not causes - causes are gravity, temp. change)
What are energy waves from an earthquake?
seismic waves
What are two types of seismic waves?
body waves and surface waves
What are two types of body waves?
P waves (fastest) and S waves
Weather
conditions of Earth’s atmosphere at a certain time and place
Climate
an area’s long term weather pattern
Lithosphere
the solid, outer layer of Earth that consistsof the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle
Mantle
the layer of rock between Earth’s crust and core; the largest and thickest layer of the earth
Tectonic Plates
a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the mantle; shifting pieces of Earth’s crust
Mineral
a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure
Weathering
The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents such as wind, rain, and temp changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks; gravity
Faults
a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another. there are breakes in the crust which form where tectonic plates mee.
Divergent Boundaries
the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Transform Boundaries
the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
Sedimentary Rock
rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment; examples - limestone, sandstone; marble is NOT sedimentary rock
Igneous Rocks
rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies; example - granite
Metamorphic Rock
a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure or chemical process
Rock
a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
P Waves
pressure waves; fastest body waves; can travel through solid, liquid and gases; from earthquakes
S Waves
shear waves; second kind of body wave; moves side to side; cannot travel completely through liquid parts of earth; from earthquakes
Outer Core
the liquid layer of Earth’s core; surrounds the inner core and lies beneath the mantle; made up of liquid metals including iron
Crust
the thin and solid outermost later of Earth above the mantle; we live on the crust
Volcano
a vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through which magma, gases, lava and ash are expelled
