6A: Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
Use PPQs for spec points: 2, 4, 6
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound of hydrogen and carbon only
What is meant by the term ‘homologous series’?
A homologous series has compounds with the same general formula / functional group.
Successive members differ from each other by a CH2 unit.
What is meant by the term ‘functional group’?
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the chemical properties of a particular compound.
What are the prefixes for organic compounds up to C10?
Meth-
Eth-
Prop-
But-
Pent-
Hex-
Hept-
Oct-
Non-
Dec-
How would you classify an addition reaction?
Two molecules, one of which is unsaturated
->
one saturated molecule
How would you classify an elimination reaction?
One or two molecules
->
More products, including a smaller molecule that has been eliminated
How would you classify a substitution reaction?
One atom or group of atoms is replaced by another
How would you classify an oxidation reaction?
A reactant is oxidised
How would you classify a reduction reaction?
A reactant is reduced
How would you classify a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction with water that breaks the bond between two molecules
(e.g. OH- replaces a halogen atom in a molecule)
How would you classify an (addition) polymerisation reaction?
Unsaturated alkene molecules add on to a growing polymer chain to form a long saturated molecule chain
Describe the term ‘structural isomerism’
Molecules with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula
Describe the term ‘stereoisomerism’
Compounds with
- The same structural formula
- But with a different arrangement of the atoms in space
What is needed for E/Z isomers to form?
A C=C double bond,
Each carbon attached to 2 different atoms or groups
What is needed for cis/trans isomers to form?
A C=C double bond,
Each carbon attached to 2 different atoms or groups, one of which must be a H atom
