6A: Introduction To Organic Chem

Question 1

Molecular formula

Answer 1

Formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 2

Empirical formula

Answer 2

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

Question 3

General formula

Answer 3

Algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 4

Structural formula

Answer 4

Shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 5

Displayed formula

Answer 5

Shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule and how the atoms are arranged

Question 6

Skeletal formula

Answer 6

Shows the simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains leaving a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 7

Homologous series

Answer 7

Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula

• gradual change in physical properties (bp)
• each member differs by CH2 from the last
• same chemical properties

Question 8

Functional group

Answer 8

An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 9

Structural isomers

Answer 9

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 10

Chain isomers

Answer 10

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton (straight or branched)
- Similar chemical properties but different physical properties like bp due to change in shape of molecule

Question 11

Position isomers

Answer 11

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton
- chemical and physical properties can be different 

Question 12

Functional group isomers

Answer 12

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

• very different physical and chemical properties
• ethanol and methoxymethane (ether)
• cyclohexane and hexene

Question 13

Stereoisomerism

Answer 13

Stereoisomers have the same structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
- Alkenes: E/Z stereoisomerism:
1)Restricted rotation around the C=C bond
2)There are 2 different groups/atoms attached to both ends of double bond
Priority group: the atom with bigger atomic number is classed as the priority atom
Priority atom on same side of double bond: Z
Propriety atom on opposite side of double bond: E

Question 14

Cis trans isomerism

Answer 14

Special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups we the same
Cis: same groups on same side of double bond
Trans: same groups on opposite side of double bond
Looks at how identical groups are positioned rather than high priority groups

Question 15

Addition

Answer 15

Joining 2 or more molecules together to form a larger molecule

Question 16

Polymerisation

Answer 16

Joining together lots of simple molecules to form a giant molecule

Question 17

Elimination

Answer 17

When a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule

Question 18

Substitution

Answer 18

When one species is replaced by another (atom, ion, radical or molecule)

Question 19

Hydrolysis

Answer 19

Splitting a molecule into 2 new molecules by adding H+ and OH- derived from water

Question 20

Oxidation

Answer 20

Any reaction in which a species loses e-

Question 21

Reduction

Answer 21

Any reaction in which a species gains e-