6A/6B

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

Chemical produced by gland transported by circulatory system through the body.

Question 2

3 functional hormone classes, define each:

Answer 2

Homeostatic= maintains internal metabolic balance and regulates physiological systems in an organism.
Gonadal= control reproductive function, bestow sexual appearance, and identify as male or female.
Glucocorticoid= secreted in time of stress. Important in protein and carb metabolism.

Question 3

Gonadal hormone that instructs body to develop as a male? / Female?

Answer 3

Testosterone = male
Estrogen = female

Question 4

Anabolic androgenic meanings?
What is it?
Negative effects?

Answer 4

Anabolic means muscle building, androgenic mascanolizes.
Synthesized testosterone.
Reduces fertility, roid rage, tumors and heart attack.

Question 5

Tolerance:

Answer 5

Less effective, need more to feel buzz/effect.

Question 6

Sensitization:

Answer 6

Response to stimulus strengthens like first use of cocaine

Question 7

Wanting and Liking Theory:

Answer 7

Wanting = craving (increases after time)
Liking = pleasure (decreases after time)

Question 8

Differences in drug affect?

Answer 8

fat people need more of drug, because a lot of space.

Old people and babies need less because weak BBB.

Question 9

Substance abuse:

Answer 9

Relies chronically and excessively.

Question 10

Substance dependence:

Answer 10

More than abuse but includes abuse. Can’t maintain job, be a mother, addiction. Associated with tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 11

Withdrawal:

Answer 11

Unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms when drug is ceased.

Question 12

What pathway is acted on by abused drugs? In liking and wanting theory?

Answer 12

Dopamine increased by drugs. Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway is acted upon.

Question 13

Agonist:
Example:

Answer 13

Increases neurotransmission.

Example: block Reuptake so more serotonin. Block enzymes from breaking down.

Question 14

Antagonist:
Example:

Answer 14

Decreases NT.

Block receptors, increase enzymes

Question 15

What happens with Alcohol in the body in regards to antagonist and agonist?

Answer 15

Antagonist with glutamine, agonist gaba.

Question 16

5 groups of psychoactive drugs:

Answer 16

Anti-anxiety and sedative hypnotive=
Agonize GABA activate GABA so IPSP

Antipsychotics:
Treats schizophrenia

Antidepressant:
Misregulation or NT serotonin. Need agonist to help (SSRI)

Opioids analgesics(less pain)=
Pain relief, highly addictive, NOT Tylenol and Advil .
Heroin and morphine.

Psychotropics:
Cocaine, caffeine, ADHD meds.
Fidgeting, alert. Affect mental activity, motor activity, arousal, perception, and mood.

Question 17

All groups of drugs:

Answer 17

Have effects on synapses.

Question 18

Cross tolerance:

Answer 18

Tolerance to one drug in a group means tolerance to another drug in the same family.

Question 19

Delusions vs hallucinations

Answer 19

Delusions belief maintained despite reality contradicting it. Hallucinations perception of something not present

Question 20

IPSP and EPSP

Answer 20

IPSP = cl- rushing in (gaba)
EPSP= na+ rushing in (glutamate)

Question 21

What is psychopharmacology?

Answer 21

Drugs that affect the mind and the psyche

Question 22

What is habituation?

Answer 22

Response to stimulus weakens

Question 23

What are different ways to get psycho pharmacology drugs into system

Answer 23

Injection, patches, rectal suppository, in hailing, oral

Question 24

How does the body eliminate psychoactive drugs?

Answer 24

Through enzymes in the kidney liver and intestines excreted through poop Pee sweat breast milk and breathe out

Question 25

What is the psychoactive drug?

Answer 25

Substance that asked to alter mood, thoughts, or behavior use for neuropsychological illness, or can be abused

Question 26

What are the negatives and benefits of oral?

Answer 26

Easy and convenient but most complex route can be destroyed or altered by enzymes and Gastro intestinal track

Question 27

What would be the least amount to obstacles to get a psychoactive drug into the brain?

Answer 27

Inject straight into the brain

Question 28

What is the main barrier that psychoactive drugs and counter?

Answer 28

The blood brain barrier the blood brain barrier protects brain from toxins entering the brain and other substances it is an Astro site

Question 29

What are the two classes of hormones?

Answer 29

Steroid which is a ring structure testosterone and cortisol synthesize from cholesterol and lipids soluble

Peptide insulin and growth hormone need to bind to metro tropic receptor on outside

Question 30

What is the stressor?

Answer 30

Stress that stimulus challenges a bodies homeostasis and triggers arousal body’s response is saying whether stressors exciting sad or fright

Question 31

What are the two phases of stress response?

Answer 31

Fast acting pathway sympathetic of autonomic nervous system fight or flight stimulates Medela releases epinephrine or slow acting pathway steroid Cortizone all ugly to corduroyed like parasympathetic

Question 32

What turns off the stress response?

Answer 32

The Hippocampus

Question 33

What causes chronic stress

Answer 33

Cortisol eventually damages the hippo campus

Question 34

How are hormones released?

Answer 34

Hypothalamus produces Nero hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland that secretes releasing hormones into the circulatory system
so the hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland controls other glands

Question 35

Norepinephrine?

Answer 35

Increases heart rate in the sympathetic autonomic nervous system in fast response

Question 36

What turns on stress? What turns off stress?

Answer 36

Hypothalamus turns stress on through the pituitary gland.

The brain turns off stress through the hippo campus which contains court is all receptors

Question 37

What helps to heal from chronic stress

Answer 37

Exercise helps to heal the hippo campus after chronic stress