6.6.5 balancing conflict between conservation & human needs Flashcards
name 3 successful examples of conservation being implemented alongside development
- terai region of (south) nepal
- maasai mara in kenya
- peat bogs in UK
(terai region of south nepal) what endangered species is it home to
- bengal tiger
- greater one-horned rhinoceros
(terai region of south nepal) what has it been under pressure from over previous 10 years
- expansion of agriculture into forested areas
- grazing
- over-exploitation of forest resources
- replacement of traditional crop varieties with modern ones
(terai region of south nepal) what can the forest provide local people with
- sustainable source of fuel
- animal feed
- food
- building materials
- agricultural/household tools
- medicines
WWF
world wide fund for nature
(terai region of south nepal) who did the WWF partner with & what was their focus
the WWF alongside the Nepalese government in Terai-arc landscape programme focused on conservation of forest landscape as a whole
(terai region of south nepal) what did they introduce (WWF & Nepalese gov.)
community forest initiatives
- local people had rights to exploit the forest & the responsibilities to look after it
(terai region of south nepal) what did these community groups do
- create forest corridors between national parks essential to dispersal & survival of tigers
- counteracted poachers & illegal felling
(terai region of south nepal) benefits of forestry work developing
- diversified on-and-off farm activity
- built entrepreneurial skills
- stimulated small credit & marketing schemes
(terai region of south nepal) what did the WWF scheme also introduce
biogas plants & wood efficient stoves to reduce firewood demand
(terai region of south nepal) other contributions to terai-arc project
- constructed water holes
- monitored endangered species
- eradicated invasive species
(terai region of south nepal) data to prove success
suggested tigers were using corridors & population size steadily growing
(massai mara in kenya) what does it have large populations of
antelope & large mammals
(massai mara in kenya) what does this area combine
high endemic poverty with abundant wildlife populations that attract tourism
(massai mara in kenya) what developed payment for wildlife conservation schemes (PWC)
partnerships between conservancies & tourism operators
(massai mara in kenya) what are conservancies paid
paid PWC revenue proportional to area of land set aside for conservation
(massai mara in kenya) why are conservancies successful
positive social outcomes alongside positive conservation outcomes
(massai mara in kenya) negative consequences of conservancies
- land-owners must move livestock during tourist season = increased stocking densities outside reserve
- land-owners often forced to settle elsewhere
- constraints on how they use their land
- livestock can be seen as problem for conservation
(peat bogs in UK) where does peat form
where lack of oxygen prevents complete decomposition of organic matter - usually where it’s waterlogged
(peat bogs in UK) significance of peat bogs
undisturbed peat bogs can contain a lot of historical data
(peat bogs in UK) what can controlled archaeological digs discover
- reveal info on past landscape/vegetation
- indicate what weather conditions were like
(peat bogs in UK) why are they the ideal place for sphagnum moss to grow
over thousands of years, rainfall has washed nutrients from the soil
(peat bogs in UK) why do they form some of the UK’s most scarce wetland habitats
peat bog & moss retain moisture
(peat bogs in UK) positives of wetland habitats
- support high biodiversity
- feeding & stopping-point for migrating birds
(peat bogs in UK) why is peat widely used as compost
due to ability to retain moisture
(peat bogs in UK) what has led to the decline in peat bogs
- pressure of expansion in agriculture
- forestry
- landfill
- peat extraction
(peat bogs in UK) what does the UK biodiversity action plan (UKBAP) aim to do
conserve & enhance biodiversity via local level schemes
(peat bogs in UK) partners UKBAP will work with
- RSPB
- english nature
(peat bogs in UK) aims of UKBAP
- identified certain peat bogs in UK for restoration
- end commercial use of peat in UK
