GI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two subtypes of IBD?

A

ulcerative colitis

Chron’s disease

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2
Q

what is the epidemiology of IBD?

A

whites>blacks and Asians

common among Jews of East Euro descent

age distribution at onset may be bimodal (20s and then 40s-50s)

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3
Q

what’s the treatment for IBD when resistant to medical treatment

A

colectomy

20% of ulcerative colitis

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4
Q

what are the major clinical features of ulcerative colitis?

A

diarrhea

abdominal pain

rectal bleeding

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5
Q

what is a major distinguishing feature between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis?

A

Crohn’s is usually segmental and includes ileum

may affect upper GI

ulcerative is usually diffuse

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6
Q

Small intestine infections are more likely to have what characteristics of diarrhea than large intestine?

A

large amount of watery diarrhea

blood rare

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7
Q

Over 90% of cases of what disorder are caused by C. difficile

A

pseudomembranous colitis

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8
Q

what is a problem in the treatment of C. diff?

A

growing vancomycin resistance

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9
Q

what’s the treatment for appendicitis?

A

surgery

or now, antibiotics, and then perhaps later, surgery

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10
Q

what is the most likely causes of sterile acute peritonitis?

A

acute pancreatitis with spill of enzymes

rupture of gallbladder with entry of bile into peritoneum

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11
Q

what is intussusception?

A

telescoping of the intestine

children - due to hyperactive peristalsis

adults - leading margin with tumor

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12
Q

what substance are people hypersensitive to in celiac disease?

A

gliadin (derived from gluten in dietary grains)

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13
Q

where are sessile serrated adenomas most likely seen in the colon?

A

on the right side

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14
Q

what is one of the most frequently encountered benign neoplasms (polyps)

A

tubular adenoma

low-high grade dysplasia - can transform into adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

95% of the malignant tumors of the intestine are what?

A

adenocarcinomas of the colon

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16
Q

What is the distribution of tumors of the colon?

A
17
Q

what is carcinoid syndrome?

A

tumors that metastasize to the liver - >

release serotonin, bradykinin, histamine

facial flushing, bronchial wheezing, intestinal colic, watery diarrhea (adversely affects right-sided heart valves)

18
Q

what is the primary enzyme secreted by the salivary gland?

A

amylase

(digests starch)

19
Q

which parts of the world have higher incidence of carcinoma of the esophagus?

A

China, Iran, Africa

20
Q

what is the most important developmental abnormality of the stomach?

A

pyloric stenosis

boys>girls (4:1)

projectile vomiting

shows up in neonatal period

21
Q

what is the appearance of a peptic ulcer?

A

“punched out” ulceration into the gastric mucosa

22
Q
A