6.5 Civil war to restoration Flashcards
Why did people dislike Charles I ?
Charles and his Farther (Jame I) Both believed that they had been appointed by “ Divine right “ ( directly by God )
Charles believed in absolutism ( He has total control ). This led him to introducing censorship to stop criticism
Would not tolerate any challenge ( even from nobles or parliament) seen as arrogant
How did Charles’s actions lead to civil war ?
Scottish nobles were angry that Charles tried to take back Church land
People were worried about Charles I pro-Catholic views
1626 , Charles dissolved parliament but then was reconvened in 1629 but then dissolved it again until 1640 ( personal rule )
1635 , Charles made everyone pay ‘ ship money ‘ - this used to only apply to people who lived near docks or ports , but Charles applied it in peacetime
1638 , Scottish leaders refused to accept the religious changes Charles was trying to impose in Scotland - as a result Charles Invaded
Charles refused to accept the proposals in the Grand remonstrance ( A document created by MPs that listed 200 demands )
January 1642 , Charles arrested five Mps after accusing them all of treason.
Parliament gathered its forces and Charles declared war
How were people divided about how Charles should be treated ?
After first civil war people agreed they did not want to get rid of Charles but some wanted to limit his power
After second civil war the majority of people still wanted the king restored , but Oliver Cromwell and other senior commanders of the New Model Army pushed for a trial
What happened in 1648
300 MPS who disagreed with Charles being tried were thrown out of Parliament ( this left a rump parliament of 200 )
What happened on January 30th 1649 ?
Charles I was executed
Many people were shocked and did not want their king to be executed
Who did the Power and structure of England change after the victory of the Parliamentarians ?
From 1649 to 1653 , Britain was ruled by a rump parliament , during this time the monarchy and the house of lords was abolished
In 1653 Cromwell dismissed the Rump because he disagreed with their tolerance of Religion and their Cautious actions
The Barebones Parliament was introduced ( 144 men who were sympathetic to Cromwell’s views ) but dismissed them because they thought he was too radical
From 1653 - 58 Cromwell ruled as lord protector
Parliament was reformed and constituencies were resized to make them more representative
Parliament and lord protector had control of the Army
During the protectorate, Cromwell divided England into regions - each region was ruled by a major general whose role it was to enforce puritanism
In 1657 Cromwell accepted the Humble petition
What was the Humble petition ?
This saw the abolition of the Major - generals , a reduction in the Army and more governmental control over taxes
How did the restoration limit the power of the Monarchy ?
Cromwell’s son Richard ruled England from 1658 but he retired in 1659 due to lack of experience and little support from the army or parliament
Parliament negotiated with Charles’s son , who accepted the terms of the deceleration of Breda and became Charles II in 1660
Charles did have control over laws passing through parliament but his ability to raise taxes without parliament’s position was taken away
Charles could not target his opponents through the use of special parliaments and he could not claim ship money
