64E Gunnery (1-227 ARB) Dec 2017 Flashcards
The engagement process is a systematic fires cycle and a continual process on any mission and has five tenets; What are they? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 11-1)
Detect, Identify, Decide, Engage and Assess (DIDEA) (TC 3-04.45 Pg 11-1)
A target is ________ when it is temporarily taken out of the battle. _________ing a unit allows the maneuver commander to decide whether to continue to engage with indirect fires, maneuver to the target and engage with direct fires or bypass a target and proceed with other missions. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 15-3)
Neutralized / Neutralizing
(TC 3-04.45 Pg 15-3)
_____________ is a decisive engagement that puts a target out of action permanently. A unit with ____ percent or more casualties is usually rendered permanently ineffective, depending on the type and discipline of the force. Direct hits are required on hard materiel targets. (TC 3-04.45 Pg H-23)
Destruction / 30% (TC 3-04.45 Pg H-23)
The method of attacking a target is governed by the results desired: What are they? (TC 3-04.45 Pg H-23)
Suppression, Neutralization, or Destruction
(TC 3-04.45 Pg H-23)
The four types of ballistics influencing projectiles fired from helicopters are? (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-6)
Interior, Exterior, Aerial, and Terminal. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-6)
Gravity, Yaw, and Wind Drift are what type of ballistics? (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-7)
Exterior (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-7)
___________ and ___________ combine to constitute the port-starboard effect. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-13)
Trajectory shift and Projectile drift
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-13)
Aerial-fired weapons characteristics derived from fin or spin-stabilized munitions and whether they are fired from a fixed or flexible mode. Common errors for these munitions are:
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-9)
Rotor down-wash error
Angular rate error
Turning bank error
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-9)
In general, at ranges _____ than ___________ , the effect of trajectory shift is greater. At ranges ______ than ___________, the effect of projectile drift is greater and tends to cancel the effect of trajectory shift.
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-14)
Less than 1,000 meters
Greater than 1,000 meters
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-14)
_________________ is caused by the motion (pitch, roll, and/or yaw) in the launch platform as a projectile leaves the weapon. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-10)
Angular rate error
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-10)
_________________ is effectively negligible for 30mm projectiles, but it can affect rocket accuracy if rates are appreciable. __________ ___________ induce angular rates in the pitch axis up to ___ º per second.
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
Angular rate error
Articulating pylons 10º
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
What are three factors that affect dispersion? (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-15)
Vibrations, Sights, Boresights
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-15)
Angle of Impact is a characteristic of what type of ballistic? (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-15)
Terminal Ballistic
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-15)
Because the rocket is accelerating as it leaves the launcher, the force acting upon the fins causes the nose of the rocket to turn into the wind. This is known as the ______________. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A- 12)
The relative wind effect.
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A- 12)
Maximum effective range is defined as:
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-4)
The longest range at which a weapon has a 50% probability of hitting and defeating a target.
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-4)
Running fire performed at airspeeds ______ ________ will offer a mix of aircraft survivability and weapons accuracy. (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
Above ETL (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
________ ________ is the most accurate type of fire for unguided ordinance and offers the advantages of reduced vulnerability to small arms fire, increased armament load, and better target acquisition and tracking capabilities. (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
Diving fire
(DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
Normally, the IP is selected about ___ to ___ ___________ from the target and acts as a starting point for the attack run. (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
8 to 10 kilometers
(DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
The 30-mm audible signature travels at approximately ____ _______ per second. Engagements at ________ than _______ meters can be heard by the dismounted personnel before the first round impacts; therefore, getting the first burst accurately on target will be worth the extra seconds to set up the shot. (TC 3- 04.45 Pg 14-44)
331 meters
Greater
2,000 meters
(TC 3- 04.45 Pg 14-44)
The base line TADS can take up to ___ _________ to establish a good track history and generate a quality ballistic solution. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-44)
Three seconds (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-44)
At approximately _____ knots _________ forward airspeed, the influence vector is moved just aft of the rocket launcher forward bulkhead, thus reducing down wash to zero. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
33 Knots indicated
(TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
Crewmembers will not use __________ affiliated graphic control measures/icons/symbols to mark enemy locations and vice-versa to avoid fratricide and other unnecessary confusion. (DATM Task 2412 Perform Evasive Maneuvers)
Friendly (DATM Task 2412 Perform Evasive Maneuvers)
Evasive Maneuvers are broadly characterized by whether the enemy weapon system is ________ or _________ Generally, the aircrew must defeat the _____________ for guided weapons and defeat the __________ for unguided weapons systems. (DATM Task 2412 Perform Evasive Maneuvers)
Guided or Unguided
Weapon System
Gunner
(DATM Task 2412 Perform Evasive Maneuvers)
When conducting, receiving and executing an Army Attack Aviation Call For Fire (5-line) the most important factor is the __________________and the importance of accurately delivered fires. (DATM Task 2128 Respond to Troops in Contact)
Proximity of the enemy forces to the friendly forces.
(DATM Task 2128 Respond to Troops in Contact)
Rotary wing delivered ordinance has an __________ beaten zone; therefore the RED (risk estimation distance) is only valid when ________ __________ to friendly locations. (DATM Task 2128 Respond to Troops in Contact)
Elliptical
Shooting Parallel (DATM Task 2128 Respond to Troops in Contact)
When operating in close proximity to friendly forces, the AMC or flight lead must have direct communication with the ground commander or observer on the scene to provide ____________ . (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
Direct fire support (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
After receiving the army attack aviation call for fire from the ground forces, the aircrews must ________ __________ the location of the friendly element and the target prior to conducting any engagement. (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
Positively identify (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
Methods for marking the location of friendlies and the enemy include, but are not limited to: (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
Laser hand off, tracer fire, marking rounds (flares or mortars), smoke grenades, signal mirrors, VS-17 panels, IR strobe lights, laser target marker, or chemical sticks. (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 62)
Army Attack Aviation and Special Operations Forces Gunship Call for fire transmission of the five-line brief is clearance to fire unless _____________ is stated. (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 63)
“danger close” or “at my command” (JFIRE, 2016 Pg 63)
The 4 “T”s associated with aircraft control (firing techniques) during rocket engagements are? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-22)
Target, Torque, Trim, Target re-verified. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-22)
The five techniques of fire are? (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
Hover fire
Running fire
Diving fire
Low altitude bump
Diving/Running fire IP
(DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
Low-altitude bump maximizes the benefits of both running and diving fire involving a low-altitude run-in with a ______ to ______ bump about ______ to _______ prior to the target. (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
300 to 1,000-foot
1,500 to 2,000 meters
(DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
During Hasty Attacks, The AMC will select the appropriate team employment technique and will brief the team utilizing TPM-R: (DATM Task 3043 Perform Team Tactical Employment)
Technique (Hover, Running, Diving, Low-Altitude Bump)
Pattern (Racetrack, Cloverleaf, L- attack, Figure 8, Butterfly pattern, 45-degree attack, Circular/Wheel pattern)
Munitions
Range
(DATM Task 3043 Perform Team Tactical Employment)
The AMC assigns team member responsibilities within the team based on the tactical situation utilizing the following terminology: (DATM Task 3043 Perform Team Tactical Employment)
Shooter/cover
Shooter/shooter
Looker/shooter
(DATM Task 3043 Perform Team Tactical Employment)
Moving fire is an engagement from a moving helicopter _______ than ____ but _________ Running fire is an engagement from a moving helicopter _____ and ______ (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
Greater than ETL but less than 40 KTAS
40 KTAS and (Vne)
(TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
You fire a burst of 30mm at a target, which misses to the left about 10 meters. You then adjust your line of sight to the right of the target and fire again, hitting the target. What method of Burst on TGT (BOT) is this? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-21)
Recognition Method or “Kentucky Windage” method of BOT. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-21)
You fire a pair of rockets at a target, which miss long. You then laze the approximate center of the rocket’s impact point and adjust your range down (manual range) to fire your next pair. What method of Burst On TGT (BOT) is this? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-21)
Laser rangefinder-method of BOT. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-21)
Steep dive angles _________ result in large rates of change in aircraft flight parameters and present flight safety challenges (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
>25 degrees (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
Steeper dive angles compress the range error for rockets significantly and result in ______ ________ around the rocket aim point. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
Less dispersion (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
Pilots must plan the ______ _________ in time to avoid abrupt recovery maneuvers. ________ ________ may cause a pilot to fly the aircraft into the ground. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
Dive recovery
Target fixation
(TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
___________ may make dive recoveries difficult. If the aircraft enters __________ , the pilot must reduce the severity of the dive recovery by reducing the amount of aft cyclic and/or reducing the collective pitch on the rotor system. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
Mushing / mushing (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-24)
The two types of fires are? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
Direct and Indirect (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
Fire delivered on a target, which cannot be seen by the firing unit, is known as? (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
Indirect fire (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-2)
What are the three levels of safing? (DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
a. Weapons trigger switch released
b. Weapons action switch deselected
c. SAFE/ARM button – SAFE
(DATM Task 1422 Perform Firing Techniques)
What are the visual markings of the M789 30mm HEDP round? (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-16)
Black projectile with yellow band and yellow markings
(TC 3-04.45 Pg B-16)
What are the visual markings of the M788 30mm TP round? (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-16)
Blue projectile with aluminum nosepiece and white markings (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-16)
To accomplish AWS dynamic harmonization, maintain a heading to target of ____ degrees, at a range of _____-______ meters. (DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
+/- 5 degrees
500-1500 meters
(DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
The nominal burst radius is ___ ________ ; however, the lethal fragment impact pattern is dependent upon the _____ _____ _____ . (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-19)
4 meters
impact angle, velocity, and the target type
(TC 3-04.45 Pg B-19)
When viewed from above the fragment pattern of each individual round is a flattened “X” shape with the majority of the fragments moving to the side and slightly forward, with the highest concentration spiking at the ______ and _______ o’clock positions. (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-20)
2:00 and 10:00 (TC 3-04.45 Pg B-20)
To ensure effective fragment performance when engaging troops in the open, the crew selects a Desired Mean Point of Impact (DMPI) selection should be ______ and/or ______ of the target to achieve the desired effects. (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-44)
Offset and/or Short (TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-44)
When actioning the gun or rockets from the cyclic in either crew station the range will change to the last valid ______ _______ when HMD is the selected sight. (AWS Student Handout)
Manual Range (AWS Student Handout)
When FXD is selected by the pilot, the _______ will only be displayed in the _____ format symbology. When FXD is selected by the _____ , both crewmembers will have the Continuous Computer Impact Point (CCIP) displayed in their respective formats. (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
CCIP,
PLT
CPG
(DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
Fixed gun may be utilized during degraded system operations (IHADSS Invalid LOS). When selecting FXD gun, the gun will be commanded to _________ in elevation and forward in azimuth to the helicopter armament datum line (ADL). (DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
+ 0.87º
(DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
The gun duty cycle is as follows: (-10 Pg 4-124)
6 x 50 round bursts w/ 5 seconds between bursts followed by a 10 minute cooling period. For burst limiter settings of other than 50 – no more than 300 rounds within 60 seconds before allowing gun to cool for 10 minutes, after which the cycle can be repeated. (-10 Pg 4-124)
If ______ or more rounds have been fired in the preceding ________ , and a stoppage occurs, personnel must remain clear of the aircraft for _________ . Aircraft crewmembers should remain in the aircraft and continue positive gun control. (-10 Pg 4-125)
300
10 min.
30 min.
(-10 Pg 4-125)
The maximum effective range of the 30mm is _____ to _________ . (DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
1500 to 1700 meters
(DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
When firing the AWS in NORM, LOS INVALID is a safety inhibit. When firing the ________________________ , and the operator can override the inhibited via the weapon trigger second detent. (AWS Student Handout)
AWS in FIXED mode, LOS INVALID becomes a performance inhibit (AWS Student Handout)
The gun turret is capable of azimuth movement of ____ degrees left or right of the helicopter centerline, +11 degrees elevation, ( +9 degrees elevation within ____ degrees of aircraft centerline), and ____ degrees depression. (-10 Pg 4-122)
86º left or right
10º of acft centerline
-60º of Depression
(-10 Pg 4-122)
The 30mm is limited to ___________ in azimuth when the rockets are actioned simultaneously. (AWS Student Handout)
+/-60º in azimuth (AWS Student Handout)
The 30mm is limited to ____________ in azimuth on the side of the next missile to be fired if it is on the inboard pylon. (AWS Student Handout)
+/-52º in azimuth (AWS Student Handout)
There is no indication in the cockpit when the SQUAT ORIDE switch is in the AIR position. What is the hazard associated with the SQUAT ORIDE switch being in the AIR position with the aircraft on the ground? (-10 Pg 4-117)
The possibility exists that the AWS could inadvertently be driven into the ground. (-10 Pg 4-117)
What is the “WARNING” associated with the 30mm Gun Duty Cycle? (10 Pg 4-124)
Failure to adhere to the published gun duty cycle may result in catastrophic failure, loss of aircraft, injury or death (10 Pg 4-124)
The aircraft will provide fire control solution for the 30mm up to a range of _________ . (DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
4200 meters
(DATM Task 1464 Engage Target with Area Weapon System)
The laser pointer is activated by actioning the gun in _______ mode and then selecting the Laser Pointer Switch on either collective or the ______. (-10 Pg 4-123)
NORM mode
RHG (HDD button RT ring finger)
(-10 Pg 4-123)
When the laser pointer is activated, gun __________ ____________ are removed from the gun drive commands such that the laser will be aligned to the _________ . (-10 Pg 4-123)
Ballistic Compensations
Selected LOS
(-10 Pg 4-123)
In the event of a power loss the gun is spring driven to ____________ in elevation to prevent _______ during landing (-10 Pg 4-122)
+11º
Dig-in
(-10 Pg 4-122)
In the event of IHADSS failure with gun selected and the HMD as the selected sight, the gun will remain at its last commanded position. Gun firing is ________ . When the gun is de-actioned, it will _______________ . (-10 Pg 4-22)
Inhibited
Return to the stowed position.
(-10 Pg 4-22)
The rate of fire for the 30mm is? (-10 Pg 4-122)
625 +/-25
(-10 Pg 4-122)
________ _________ is the single largest contributor to perceived dispersion associated with the AH-64 30 mm cannon. (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
Turret bending (TC 3-04.45 Pg A-24)
The M230E 30mm can accommodate a variety of 30mm ammunition including?(-10 Pg 4-122)
HEDP M789
TP M788
(-10 Pg 4-122)
With Hellfire Rails on pylons 2 and 3, and rocket launchers on pylons 1 and 4, what rocket zones and quantities of each are available? (-10 Pg 4-127)
A (24)
B (8)
E (6)
(-10 Pg 4-127)
________ _________ is a ______ ______ that is displayed when vertical acceleration is less than 0.5 G and may cause the main rotor blade to obstruct the trajectory of the rocket. (-10 Pg 4-42)
ACCEL Limit is a SAFETY INHIBIT (-10 Pg 4-42)
The _______ __________ to action a weapon (WAS) has control of that weapon. Exception: If the CPG has rockets actioned via the ______ ______ and the pilot actions rockets, ____________ ________ is in effect. (-10 Pg 4-6)
Last Crewmember
LHG WAS
Cooperative Mode
(-10 Pg 4-6)
Pylons will remain in the ______ _______ until missiles or rockets are actioned. Pylons are independently controlled through a range of ______ ______ degrees in elevation. (-10 Pg 4-127)
Flight Mode
+4º to -15º
(-10 Pg 4-127)
Due to the possibility of surging the engines, do not fire rockets from inboard stations. Fire no more than ________ with two __________ launchers every ____ _________ or fire with only ____________ outboard launcher installed without restrictions. (-10 Pg 4-128)
Pairs
Outboard
3 seconds
One
(-10 Pg 4-128)
Cooperative engagements utilize the __________ and __________ for ballistic solution calculations, and provide the PLT with steering data. (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
CPG’s LOS and Range (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
Spent illumination rocket motors will land ______-_______ meters beyond the target, and approximately ______-______ meters from the launch aircraft.
(TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-38)
700-1200 meters
4200-4700 meters
(TC 3-04.45 Pg 14-38)
Is the pilot permitted to make changes to the RKT page when in the cooperative mode? (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
Yes, during the rocket coop mode, both the CPG and PLT share a common WPN’s RKT page both may view, access, edit or fire RKT’s (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
The “10 pounder” M151 HEDP natural fragmentation of the brittle cast-iron warhead case results in a significant number of small “nuisance” or non-lethal fragments, with the primary fragment beam spray covering 60 to 120 degrees ( _________________ ) perpendicular to the warhead. Approximately 55 percent, of the cast-iron case breaks up into small fragments of less than one grain, with approximately five grains considered the minimum lethal size. (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-3)
(Classic “ bow tie” Pattern) (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-3)
The “10 pounder “rocket flies a relatively flat trajectory; firing rockets at ______ ________ ________ will improve anti-personnel lethality by increasing the effective beam spray. (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-3)
High Dive Angles (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-3)
The flechette rocket detonates about ________ before the predetermined range. (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-8)
150m (TC 3-04.45 Pg C-8)
ROCKET Hover-fire engagements can be achieved at a range of approximately __________ without changing aircraft pitch attitude. (DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)
4,500 meters
(DATM Task 1462 Engage Target with Rockets)