6.4.3 Control of Blood Water Potential

Question 1

Define osmoregulation

Answer 1

Homeostatic control of water potential of blood plasma and tissue fluid

Question 2

Name seven structures in the kidney

Answer 2

Fibrous Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Renal Artery
Renal Vein

Question 3

Describe the structure and function of the fibrous capsule

Answer 3

Outer membrane

Protection

Question 4

Describe the structure of the cortex. What three things is it made up of?

Answer 4

Inner region
Made of: 
Loops of Henle 
Collecting ducts 
Blood vessels

Question 5

Describe the structure of the medulla. What three things is it made up of?

Answer 5

Inner region
Made of: 
Loops of Henle
Collecting ducts 
Blood vessels

Question 6

Describe the structure and function of the renal pelvis

Answer 6

Tunnel-shaped cavity

Collects urine into ureter

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of the ureter

Answer 7

Tube

Urine to bladder

Question 8

Describe the opposite functions of the renal artery and renal vein

Answer 8

Artery= blood from heart to kidney
Vein= blood from kidney to heart

Question 9

Describe the following about the renal capsule:
Shape
Surrounds…
Made of…

Answer 9

Cup-shaped closed end at start of nephron
Glomerulus
Inner layer made of podocytes

Question 10

Describe the following about the proximal convoluted tubule:
Shape
Surrounded by…
Made of…

Answer 10

Series of loops
By blood capillaries
Walls made of epithelial cells with microvilli

Question 11

Describe the following about the Loop of Henle:
Shape
Surrounded by…

Answer 11

Long hairpin loop, extends from cortex to medulla and back again
By blood capillaries

Question 12

Describe the following about the distal convoluted tubule:
Shape
Surrounded by…
Made of…

Answer 12

Series of loops
By blood vessels
Walls made of epithelial cells
Fewer capillaries than proximal

Question 13

Describe the following about the collecting duct
Shape
Made of…

Answer 13

Tube that gets increasingly wider as it empties into renal pelvis
Lined with epithelial cells

Question 14

Describe the following about the collecting duct:
Shape
Made of…

Answer 14

Tube that gets increasingly wider as it empties into renal pelvis
Lined with epithelial cells

Question 15

What is associated with each nephron?

Answer 15

Blood vessels:
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole
Blood Capillaries

Question 16

Describe the following about the afferent arteriole:
Structure
Function
What it forms

Answer 16

Tiny vessel that arises from renal artery
Supplies kidney with blood
Enters renal capsule to form glomerulus

Question 17

Describe the following about the glomerulus:
Structure
Function
What it forms

Answer 17

Many-branched knot of capillaries
Ultrafiltration
Recombine to form efferent arteriole

Question 18

Describe the following about the efferent arteriole:
Structure
Functions
What it forms

Answer 18

Tiny vessel that leaves renal capsule, has smaller diameter than afferent
Carries blood away from renal capsule and increases blood pressure in glomrulus

Question 19

Describe the following about the blood capillaries associated with nephrons:
Structure
Function
What it forms

Answer 19

Concentrated network of capillaries that surround proximal and loop of Henle
Absorb mineral salts, glucose and water
Merge to form venules, then merge to form renal vein

Question 20

Where is the filtrate passed in selective reabsorption?

Answer 20

Proximal convoluted tube
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube