6.4 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Flashcards
How do you get from an alkane to a haloalkane?
To get from an alkane to a haloalkane, you need a hydrogen halide (e.g HBr).
How do you get from a haloalkane to a nitrile?
To get from a haloalkane to a nitrile, you need NaCN with an ethanol solvent.
How do you get from a nitrile to an amine?
To get from a nitrile to an amine, you need H2 and a nickel catalyst. This is a reduction.
How do you get from a haloalkane to an amine?
To get from a haloalkane to an amine, you need excess NH3 with an ethanol solvent, followed by NaOH. Excess reduces further substitution of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines, ethanol solvent used to prevent any substitution reactions of the haloalkane by water to produce tertiary alcohols, aqueous alkali is added to generate the amine from the salt.
How do you get from a haloalkane to a primary alcohol?
To get from a haloalkane to a primary alcohol, you need NaOH (aq) under reflux.
How do you get from a primary alcohol to a haloalkane?
To get from a primary alcohol to a haloalkane, you need a sodium halide (e.g NaBr) and H2SO4.
How do you get from a primary alcohol to an alkene?
To get from a primary alcohol to an alkene, you need concentrated H2SO4 under reflux. This is a dehydration.
How do you get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?
To get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde, you need acidified K2Cr2O7 under distillation. This is an oxidation.
How do you get from an aldehyde to a primary alcohol?
To get from an aldehyde to a primary alcohol, you need NaBH4 (aq) and warm it. This is a reduction.
How do you get from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
To get from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, you need acidified K2Cr2O7 and dilute H2SO4 under reflux. This is an oxidation.
How do you get from an aldehyde to a hydroxy nitrile?
To get from an aldehyde to a hydroxy nitrile, you need NaCN and H2SO4. This is nucleophilic addition.
How do you get from a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
To get from a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid, you need acidified K2Cr2O7 and dilute H2SO4 under reflux. This is an oxidation.
How do you get from a primary alcohol to an ester?
To get from a primary alcohol to an ester, you need a carboxylic acid, concentrated H2SO4 and to warm it. This is esterification.
How do you get from an ester to a primary alcohol?
To get from an ester to a primary alcohol, you need a dilute aqueous acid under reflux. This is a hydrolysis reaction and is reversible.
How do you get from an ester to a carboxylic acid?
To get from an ester to a carboxylic acid, you need a dilute aqueous acid under reflux. This is a hydrolysis reaction and is reversible.
