6.4 Nuclear and particle physics Flashcards
What is the proton number?
The number of protons inside the nucleus of a particular atom. Also known is the atomic number.
What is the nucleon number?
The number is nucleons (protons and neutrons) inside the nucleus of a particluar atom. Also known as the mass number.
What is the unified atomic mass unit?
1/12 of the mass of carbon-12 atom. 1 u = 1.661x10-27kg.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element which contain the same amount of protons but varying numbers of neutrons.
Who was the first to propose new ideas surrounding atomic theory? What did he propose?
John Dalton.
He proposec elements were made of tny particles called atoms which would combine to form compounds.
Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thomson- he suggested it was like a plum pudding.
What did J.J Thomspon discover while discovering the electron?
He found that a atom was 1800 times less massive than the smallest element.
Who’s exeperiment discovered the nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford.
What did Ernest Rutherfords experiment inculde?
He fired positivley alpha particles at a thin gold foil to see how the alpha particles were deflected- the detector was a zink sulfide screen that would produce a faint flash of light whenever an alpha particle hit it.
What is an alpha particle?
Helium atoms stripped of their electrons (positively charged).
What was the results from Ernest Rutherford’s experiement?
His colleagues Hans Geiger abd Ernest marsden showed most of the alpha particles past though the golf foil, however, a small numner were deflected through small angles (less than 90°) and about 1 in 8000 particles were deflected greated then 90°, causing it to bounce back in the direction it came from.
What was deducted from Ernest Rutherford’s scattering experiment?
- Most of the mass in an atom is contained in a small volume called it’s nucleus.
- Nuceus has a positive charge.
- Nucear diameter is considerable smaller than the diameter of the atom, meaning most of the atom is empty space.
Who proposed that int he nuclear model of the atom, electrons can only occupy certian orbits or energy levels around the nucleus?
Niels Bohr
What did Rutherford propose after discoving the nucleus?
Proposed the name for proton for the positively charges particle in the nucleus in the atom. He also suspected the nucleus contained a neural particle with a mass very close to that of a proton, simce the atomic mass of most elements was arounf twice that of the elements atomic numebr.
Who discovered the neutron? What did they show?
James Chadwick-he showed that the neitron has no charge and a mass very close to that of the proton.
What is the proton number also known as?
The atomic number and is also denoted as the letter Z.
What is the nucleon number also known as?
The mass number- often denoted as the letter A.
What are elements with different numebers of neutrons called?
Isotopes?
What defines an element?
It’s number of protons.
What is strong nuclear force?
The force that acts between ucleons and holds the nucleus together against the electrostatic repulsion of the protons.
What power of 10 of metres in fm?
x10-15m
What is the equation for coulmbs law?
F= Q x q/ 4πe0r^2
Is the value for coulmbs law in a nucleus going to be big or small?
Big
What is Newtons law of gravitation?
F= GMm/r^2