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Biology > 6.4 macromolecules > Flashcards

6.4 macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules of life?

A

Carbohydrates / proteins / lipids / nucleic acids

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2
Q

What elements are carbohydrates composed of?

A

Carbon / Hydrogen / Oxygen

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3
Q

what is the ratio for carbohydrates?

A

(1 ; 2 ; 1) 1 Carbon 2 Hydrogen 1 oxygen (CH2O)

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4
Q

what is the general name for carbohydrates?

A

saccharides

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5
Q

What do organisms use carbohydrates for?

A

A source of energy and structural material.

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6
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

monomers of carbohydrates

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7
Q

what is the general name for monosaccharides?

A

simple sugars

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8
Q

what are examples of monosaccharides?

A

glucose / fructose / galactose

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9
Q

what is a di-saccharide?

A

2 monosaccharides

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10
Q

what is an example of a di-saccharide?

A

sucrose

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11
Q

what is the chemical formula for a di-saccharide?

A

C12H22O11

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12
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

4 or more monosaccharides

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13
Q

What are examples of a polysaccharide?

A

Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin / Starch

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14
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Quick energy molecules stored in muscle

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15
Q

what is cellulose?

A

An organic molecule that makes up a cell wall

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16
Q

what is Chitin?

A

The exoskeleton of insects. As well as the cell wall of fungi and algae.

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17
Q

What is starch?

A

energy stored in plants

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18
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Storage / transport / Movement / Structural / Enzymes

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19
Q

What do proteins store?

A

Food sources

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20
Q

what do proteins transport?

A

hemoglobin in blood

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21
Q

how are proteins used in terms of movement?

A

they help muscle movement

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22
Q

how are potreins structural?

A

They build membranes, grow nails, hair, and horns.

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23
Q

what is another name for amino acids?

A

peptides

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24
Q

what are amino acids?

A

monomers that make up proteins

25
Q

what is a monomer?

A

2 molecules joined together

26
Q

how many different amino acids are there?

A

20

27
Q

what is a DI-peptide?

A

2 amino acids

28
Q

what is a DI-peptide joined together by?

A

peptide bond

29
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

30
Q

what is the symbol for polypeptide?

A

A.A + A.A + A.A + A.A

31
Q

What is an example of a polypeptide?

A

An enzyme

32
Q

what is an enzyme?

A

a protein

33
Q

why is the shape of the protein important?

A

for its function

34
Q

what are lipids made up of?

A

Carbon / Hydrogen / oxygen

35
Q

what does nonpolar mean?

A

not able to dissolve in water?

36
Q

Are lipids nonpolar or polar?

A

nonpolar

37
Q

what are the functions of lipids?

A

provide cushion to protect vital organs / stores energy / helps regulate temperature

38
Q

what is a fatty acid?

A

monomers that make up lipids

39
Q

what is a fatty acid made up of?

A

long chains of carbon and hydrogen carboxyl groups

40
Q

what is a phospholipid?

A

2 layers of fatty acid molecules

41
Q

what do phospholipids do?

A

they make up the cell membrane and act as a barrier around the cell.

42
Q

what is triglyceride?

A

3 molecules of fatty acid joined together by a glycerol molecule

43
Q

what is a saturated triglyceride?

A

it has all single bonds. ( butter and red meat are examples)

44
Q

what is an unsaturated triglyceride?

A

it has all double bonds. ( olive oil and plant seeds are examples)

45
Q

what are steroids identified by?

A

4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached

46
Q

what are examples of steroids?

A

hormones such as, testosterone, esterogen, and chelesterol

47
Q

what are waxes?

A

very long fatty acid chains

48
Q

what are waxes funtion?

A

waterproofing and forming protective layers on surfaces.

49
Q

what are examples of waxes?

A

earwax / preening gland / mucous gland

50
Q

what are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

51
Q

where is DNA found?

A

only in the nucleus

52
Q

where is RNA found?

A

the nucleus AND the cytoplasm

53
Q

what are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

stores hereditery info / instructs cell to perforn functions / directs the synthesis of proteins

54
Q

what is a nucleotide?

A

monomer of nucleic acids

55
Q

what are nucleic acids made of?

A

nucleotide

56
Q

what are nucleotides made of?

A

sugar / nitrogen / and a phosphate group

57
Q

what is a polymer?

A

nucleotides joined together

58
Q

what are most molecules bonded by?

A

condensation reaction

59
Q

what do 2 monomers create?

A

a polymer

Biology (2 decks)

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